放射性废物焚烧技术的发展历程和展望

Development trend and prospect of radioactive waste incineration technology

焚烧是放射性废物的主要处理技术之一,同常规废物焚烧技术相比,放射性废物焚烧技术更关注对放射性核素的截留效果、系统的辐射安全和对废物的适应能力。随着废物特性的变化、环保要求的日益严格,焚烧技术也在不断的革新和改进,对塑料、橡胶和树脂等高分子聚合物适应性更强的第三代焚烧技术已成为主流,包括热解焚烧、蒸汽重整焚烧以及等离子体焚烧,分别适用于不同的废物类型。未来放射性废物焚烧技术的发展趋势以整体经济性和满足环保要求为前提,尽量提高废物的整体减容效果,对多种废物的兼容处理,并为满足特殊废物的处理要求开发针对性的焚烧技术。

Incineration is one of the main treatment technologies for radioactive wastes.Comparing with general waste incineration technologies,the radioactive waste incineration technology is more focused on interception effect of radionuclide,radiation safety of process and the adaptability to wastes.With variation of waste characteristics,increased strict requirements of environmental protection and technology improvement and innovation,the third-generation incineration technology has become the mainstream of combustible waste treatment,which includes pyrolysis incineration,steam reforming incineration and plasma incineration,and is more adaptable for treating polymer materials such as rubber,plastic and resin.The future development of incineration technology for improving volume reduction effect and being compatible with various wastes will be based on premises of overall economy and requirements of environmental protection to develop special technologies for special wastes.