网络不雅内容治理中搜索引擎法律责任探讨

On search engines’legal responsibility for the governance of indecent content on the Internet

互联网内容生态治理的目标之一是对不雅内容的法律监管,而搜索引擎服务客观上为不雅内容扩散提供了便捷条件,构成淫秽色情网站营利链条中的重要环节。司法实践表明搜索引擎所承担的私法范畴的侵权责任畸轻,客观上强化了“搜索引擎对第三方内容不承担责任”的豁免意识。淫秽色情内容的扩散与治理属公法责任,由于搜索引擎“链接”具有“传播”或“出版”的属性或功能,互联网行业自律规范明确禁止为不雅内容提供服务,刑事司法解释以及有关行政规章均明确设立了行政责任或刑事责任。鉴于搜索引擎所承担的过程性、专属性一般安全保障义务,链接儿童色情内容的应施加以刑事责任为主的严格责任,未尽“明知”注意义务的须加重承担刑事责任、行政责任,“未必的故意”帮助行为具有可罚性。

One of the aims of the ecological governance of the Internet is to enhance the legal supervision of indecent content.Search engines’service provides convenience for the spread of indecent contents objectively,serving as key part in the benefit chain of obscenity and pornography websites.Nevertheless,judicial practice shows that search engines’tort liability of private law is extremely light,which objectively strengthens the exemption consciousness of“search engine shouldn’t be responsible for third party’s content”.Dissemination and management of obscene and pornographic content belongs to public law responsibility.As search engine“links”function for“dissemination”and“publication”,Internet self-governance regulations explicitly prohibit service offered for indecent content.Furthermore,relevant criminal justice interpretations and administrative regulations clearly define criminal or administrative responsibilities for search engines.In view of search engines’general security obligations of process and specificity,to link to children’s indecent content should be punished by strict liability,and failure to the duty of“knowing to pay attention”must bear increased criminal and administrative liability,and unnecessary intentional help should be set as punishable.