中国政策性农业保险:发展趋势、国际比较与路径优化

Policy-oriented Agricultural Insurance in China:Development Trend,International Comparison and Path Optimization

近年来中国政策性农业保险快速发展,这与国家财政大力支持密不可分。采用描述性统计数据,梳理自2007年试点以来中国政策性农业保险的发展趋势;采用比较分析方法,选取美国、加拿大、日本等国的政策性农业保险进行对比,深入分析新形势下中国政策性农业保险存在的问题及面临的困局。研究表明:中国政策性农业保险的实践发展既与政策预期存在较大差距,与发达国家相比也还存在一些问题,包括农业保险政策目标与农业发展形势不相适应、财政保费补贴省域差异不明显、农业保险险种相对单一、财政支持农产品品种数量偏少、农业保险保障水平偏低、农业保险组织管理相对落后。据此提出农业保险政策的优化路径:进一步调整农业保险政策目标,“因省而异”制定中央财政差异化保费补贴政策,开展完全成本保险、产量保险及收入保险,拓宽财政支持农产品品种范围,提高农业保险保障水平,构建全国性农业保险管理体系。

The rapid development of China’s policy-oriented agricultural insurance in recent years is closely related to the strong support of the state finance.By using descriptive statistical data this paper sorts out the development trend of China’s policy-oriented agricultural insurance since the pilot project in 2007.Comparing with the policy-oriented agricultural insurance of the United States,Canada,Japan and other countries,in-depth analysis is made on the existing problems and difficulties of China’s policy-oriented agricultural insurance under the new circumstance.The research shows that there is not only a big gap between the practical development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance and policy expectations,but also some problems compared with developed countries,including the inconsistency between the objectives of agricultural insurance policy and the situation of agricultural development,the insignificant provincial differences of financial premium subsidies,the relatively single types of agricultural insurance,the relatively small number of agricultural products supported by financial support,the relatively low level of agricultural insurance security,and the relatively backward management of agricultural insurance organizations.Thus,the optimization path of agricultural insurance policy is put forward:going on adjusting the goal of agricultural insurance policy,formulating the policy of differentiated premium subsidy of central finance according to the situation of provinces,taking on complete cost insurance,output insurance and income insurance,enlarging the range of agricultural products with financial support,enhancing the level of agricultural insurance guarantee,and constructing a national agricultural insurance management system.