经皮椎体成形术联合125I粒子植入治疗椎体转移合并硬膜外脊髓压迫疗效分析

Analysis of the effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with 125I seed implantation in the treatment of spinal metastatic epidural spinal cord compression

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)联合125I粒子植入治疗椎体转移合并硬膜外脊髓压迫(MESCC)的临床疗效及磁共振成像(MRI)评估硬膜外脊髓压迫(ESCC)分级是否有变化。方法回顾性收集2014年1月至2019年6月在东南大学附属中大医院介入与血管外科采用PVP联合125I粒子植入治疗的MESCC患者共37例病例资料,其中双下肢瘫痪23例,总病变椎体39节。治疗前后定期评价视觉模拟评分(VAS)、双下肢瘫痪情况,比较不同随访时间点的VAS值;同时应用MRI评估椎管内ESCC分级变化并计算术后局部病灶有效率,分析比较术后不同随访时间的局部病灶有效率。结果所有病变椎体PVP联合125I粒子植入操作均获成功。骨水泥注入量(3.2±1.3)ml/节,125I粒子植入数(25.0±8.6)颗/节,放射剂量(15.0±5.1)mCi/节。术前VAS为8.5±0.8,术后5 d、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年以上的VAS分别为3.6±1.3、3.8±1.5、3.4±1.4、5.5±1.0及5.9±1.4,术后各随访点VAS与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);术后6个月及1年与术后5 d、1个月、3个月比较VAS明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001);术后6个月VAS与术后1年比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.405)。随访3个月时,23例双下肢瘫痪患者中有22例恢复了自主行走和排尿功能;术后1、3、6个月及>1年MRI评价MESCC局部病灶有效率分别为89.7%、91.9%、90.6%、94.7%,各随访点比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论PVP联合125I粒子植入治疗MESCC近期疼痛缓解和脊髓神经功能改善均显著;联合治疗后MRI显示脊髓周围瘤体缩小明显,可显著降低MESCC分级并保持较长时间稳定。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) combined with iodine-125 (125I) seed brachytherapy in the treatment of spinal metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) and toassess the changes inthe grade of epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods A total of 37 MESCC patients treated with PVP combined with 125I seed brachytherapy in the interventional and vascular surgery department of Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University from January 2014 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 23 cases of bilateral lower limbs paralysis. Total diseased vertebrae are 39 segments. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and paralysis of lower extremities were evaluated regularly before and after treatment, and VAS values at different follow-up time points were compared. At the same time, MRI was used to evaluate the changes of ESCC grade in the spinal canal and calculate the local lesion efficiency after operation. The postoperative local lesion efficiency at different follow-up times was compared.Results PVP combined with 125I seed implantation in all diseased vertebral bodies was successful. The average injection volume of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was (3.2±1.3) ml/segment, the average number of 125I seed implanted was (25.0±8.6) seeds/segment and the average radiation dose was (15.0±5.1) mCi/segment. The VAS before operation was 8.5, and postoperative VAS were respectively 3.6±1.3, 3.8±1.5, 3.4±1.4, 5.5±1.0, 5.9±1.4 at 5 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after operation. The differences between all follow-up time points and preoperative VAS values were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Compared with 5 days, 1 month and 3 months after operation, VAS increased significantly at 6 months and 1 year after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.001);there was no significant difference between the VAS value at 6 months after operation and 1 year after operation (P=0.405). At a follow-up of 3 months, 22 of 23 patients with paralysis of bilateral lower limbs regained the functions of autonomous walking and voiding;the effective rates of MESCC local lesions evaluated by MRI at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and>1 year were 89.7%, 91.9%, 90.6%, and 94.7%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant differences among those follow-up time points (all P>0.05).Conclusions PVP combined with 125I seed brachytherapy in the treatment of MESCC has significant improvement in immediate pain relief and spinal cord function. After combined treatment, MRI showed that the tumors around the spinal cord regressed dramatically, which could considerably reduce the MESCC grade and remain stable for a long time.