摘要
48%to 69%of patients experience moderate to severe pain during the 48 h after craniotomy.[1]Uncontrolled pain potentiates sympathetic activation,which may elevate arterial and intracranial pressure and result in intracranial haemorrhage.Currently,opiates are commonly used for post-operative analgesia.However,the promising analgesic effects of opiates come at the price of increased incidences of post-operative nausea and vomiting.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not commonly administered mainly because of concern for intracranial bleeding.Pre-operative incisional infiltration and scalp nerve blockage are clinically performed strategies[2];however,limited evidence is available to support the superiority of the therapeutic benefits of either strategy.Currently,there is a lack of effective,safe,simple and noninvasive approaches for the treatment or prevention of post-craniotomy pain.
