2014~2018年青岛市居民主要死亡原因及趋势分析

Analysis on main causes and trends of death,Qingdao city,2014-2018

目的了解青岛市居民主要死亡原因以及趋势分析,以期为相关部门提供关于疾病预防控制的方向,有助于相关部门制定科学性的疾病预防策略和健康保护及促进措施。方法收集2014~2018年青岛市居民死亡监测资料,运用Excel 2016和SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。结果2014~2018年青岛市累计居民死亡288834例,居民标化死亡率分别为340.51/10万、337.35/10万、461.67/10万、452.14/10万、436.22/10万。死亡率趋势分析显示,居民标化死亡率的APC为1.41%,标化死亡率总体变化趋势无统计学意义(P>0.05)。居民前3位死因分别为恶性肿瘤(每年分别死亡16786、16881、17350、17209、17707例)、心脏病(每年分别死亡14278、15572、17545、17787、18349例)、脑血管疾病(每年分别死亡9953、10831、10348、10118、9952例)。各年恶性肿瘤、脑血管病每年的粗死亡率分别为215.03/10万、215.56/10万、218.76/10万、214.06/10万、216.52/10万和127.50/10万、138.31/10万、130.48/10万、125.86/10万、121.69/10万,总体变化趋势不明显(P>0.05),但是心脏病每年的粗死亡率却表现出逐年上升趋势,为182.90/10万、198.85/10万、221.22/10万、221.25/10万、224.37/10万(P<0.05)。除了2015、2016年心脏病粗死亡率性别间不存在差异外,恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑血管疾病男性的死亡率(恶性肿瘤每年死亡率281.08/10万、281.32/10万、287.59/10万、283.23/10万、285.10/10万,心脏病每年死亡率186.96/10万、201.13/10万、220.32/10万、227.75/10万、230.38/10万,脑血管疾病每年死亡率137.05/10万、145.57/10万、140.62/10万、137.24/10万、132.18/10万)均高于女性(恶性肿瘤每年死亡率149.68/10万、150.68/10万、150.99/10万、146.18/10万、149.37/10万,心脏病每年死亡率178.88/10万、196.60/10万、222.11/10万、214.87/10万、218.49/10万,脑血管疾病每年死亡率118.05/10万、131.14/10万、120.49/10万、114.68/10万、111.43/10万)(P<0.01)。结论2014~2018年青岛市居民前3位死因均是慢性非传染性疾病,并且心脏病死亡率呈逐年上升的趋势。

Objective To understand the main causes of death and the trend analysis of Qingdao residents,so as to provide the direction of disease prevention and control for relevant departments,and help relevant departments to formulate scientific disease prevention strategies and health protection and promotion measures.Methods Death monitoring data of residents in Qingdao city during 2014-2018 were collected and analyzed by Excel 2016 and SPSS 21.0 software.Results From 2014 to 2018,a total of 288834 death cases were reported,the annual standardized death rates of residents in Qingdao city were respectively 340.51/10~5,337.35/10~5,461.67/10~5,452.14/10~5 and 436.22/10~5.The analysis of the mortality trend showed that the APC of the standardized mortality rate was 1.41%,and the overall change trend of the standardized mortality was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The top 3 causes of death were malignant tumors(the annual deaths was 16786,16881,17350,17209 and 17707 cases respectively),heart disease(the annual deaths were 14278,15572,17545,17787 and 18349 cases respectively)and cerebrovascular disease(the annual deaths were 9953,10831,10348,10118 and 9952 respectively).The annual crude death rates of malignant tumors and cerebrovascular diseases were respectively:215.03/10~5,215.56/10~5,218.76/10~5,214.06/10~5,216.52/10~5 and 127.50/10~5,138.31/10~5,130.48/10~5,125.86/10~5 and 121.69/10~5,showing no obvious overall trend(P>0.05),but the annual crude death rate of heart disease showed an increasing trend year by year,which was 182.90/10~5,198.85/10~5,221.22/10~5,221.25/10~5,224.37/10~5(P<0.05).Except that there was no difference in heart disease mortality between the sexes in 2015 and 2016,mortality rate of malignant tumor,heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in males(annual mortality rate of malignant tumor:281.08/10~5,281.32/10~5,287.59/10~5,283.23/10~5,285.10/10~5,heart disease:186.96/10~5,201.13/10~5,220.32/10~5,227.75/10~5,230.38/10~5,cerebrovascular diseases:137.05/10~5,145.57/10~5,140.62/10~5,137.24/10~5,132.18/10~5)were higher than that of women(annual mortality rate of malignant tumors was 149.68/10~5,150.68/10~5,150.99/10~5,146.18/10~5,149.37/10~5,heart disease:178.88/10~5,196.60/10~5,222.11/10~5,214.87/10~5,218.49/10~5,196.60/10~5,222.11/10~5,214.87/10~5,218.49/10~5,cerebrovascular diseases:118.05/10~5,131.14/10~5,120.49/10~5,114.68/10~5,111.43/10~5)(P<0.01).Conclusion From 2014 to 2018,the top 3 causes of death of residents in Qingdao city are all chronic non-communicable diseases,and the death rate of heart disease shows an increasing trend year by year.