国际融合教育政策转变的价值导向与保障机制——基于联合国教科文组织政策报告的文本分析

The Value Orientation and Assurance Mechanism of Global Inclusive Education Policy Transformation:Text Analysis on Policies and Reports of UNESCO

自1994年《萨拉曼卡宣言》发布以来,联合国教科文组织一直引领全球融合教育的发展,并于2019年发布《卡利承诺》敦促各国加速推进融合教育。以联合国教科文组织1994—2019年关于融合教育的系列政策报告为研究对象,进行文本分析发现:融合教育政策的公平导向从“推进起点公平”转向“追求差异性公平”,融合教育政策的质量导向从“满足社会需要”转向“关注人的发展”。人文主义和多元主义理念的重申、《残疾人权利公约》的通过与践行以及多种方式的国际教育治理,为这些转变提供了重要保障。

Since the Publication of The Salamanca Statement in 1994,UNESCO has been taking the leading role in the development of inclusive education globally.By issuing The Cali Commitment in 2019,it urges countries all overthe world to accelerate the promotion of inclusive education.Based on text analysis of a series of policy documents and reports on inclusive education by UNESCO from 1994 to 2019,it finds that the equity orientation of inclusive education policy has shifted from“promoting equity on rights of education and access to education”to pursuing equitable education on recognizing and respecting differences and diversity,while the quality orientation of inclusive education policy has shifted from“meeting the needs of society”to“focusing on human development”.The reaffirmation of humanism and pluralism,the adoption and practice of the CRPD,and various forms of international educational governance provide imporant quarantees for these changes.