不同杨梅品种的耐低温能力比较

Cold tolerance of different Chinese bayberry varieties

通过对不同杨梅种质耐低温生理指标的测定,筛选耐低温杨梅种质,为栽培生产提供理论依据。以紫晶、早鲜、早色、迟色、荸荠种、水晶种、深红种、瑞光、早佳、木叶梅、东魁和早大梅共12个主栽品种为研究对象,采集1年生枝条,0℃低温处理24 h,测定其可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量,过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和相对电导率等生理指标。比较低温胁迫下12个杨梅种质1年生枝条各生理指标的差异,通过主成分分析和聚类分析的方法,对不同品种的耐低温能力进行综合评价。主成分分析结果表明,对杨梅耐低温能力影响最大的指标为可溶性糖含量,计算得出的综合得分模型为F综=0.324F1+0.214F2+0.178F3+0.140F4,12个种质的耐低温能力强弱为荸荠种>早鲜>紫晶>木叶梅>水晶种>早大梅>早佳>早色>深红种>瑞光>东魁>迟色。耐低温能力最强的为荸荠种,可种植范围最广;早鲜、紫晶和木叶梅也具备较强的耐低温能力,可在浙北等地域推广种植;深红种的耐低温机制较为特殊,仍需深入研究;迟色和东魁为最不耐低温的品种,应在低温时采取防寒保护措施。

Through the determination of cold tolerance physiological indexes of different Chinese bayberry varieties,cold tolerant germplasm were screened to provide theoretical basis for cultivation and production.In this study,12 main cultivars such as Zijing,Zaoxian,Zaose,Chise,Shuijingzhong,Shenhongzhong,Ruiguang,Zaojia,Muyemei,Dongkui and Zaodamei were selected as the research objects.One-year-old branches were collected and treated at 0℃for 24 h.The contents of soluble sugar(SS),soluble protein,proline,malondialdehyde,POD activity,SOD activity,CAT activity and relatively electrical conductivity were measured.By comparing the differences of 8 physiological indices of 12 bayberry varieties one-year-old branches under cold stress,the cold tolerance of different varieties was evaluated comprehensively based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis.According to principal component analysis,the most important index that affecting cold tolerance of Chinese bayberry was SS.The comprehensive evaluation model was Fn=0.324F1+0.214F2+0.178F3+0.140F4.The order of cold tolerance of 12 varieties was Biqizhong>Zaoxian>Zijing>Muyemei>Shuijingzhong>Zaodamei>Zaojia>Zaose>Shenhongzhong>Ruiguang>Dongkui>Chise.Among the 12 cultivars,Biqizhong had the strongest cold resistance,and could be planted in the widest range;Zaoxian,Zijing and Muyemei that also had strong cold resistance were worth popularizing in north of Zhejiang Province;Shenhongzhong had a special cold tolerance mechanism,which still needed further study;Chise and Dongkui were affected seriously by low temperature,and therefore they needed cold protection measures.