儿童发展账户:新加坡、英国与韩国的实践与经验——兼谈对我国教育扶贫政策转型的启示

Child Development Account:Practices and Experiences in Singapore, UK and South Korea——With Reflections on the Transition of Anti-Poverty Education Policy in China

随着绝对贫困问题的消失,我国教育扶贫工作的重点将转向建立缓解相对贫困的长效机制、打破贫困的代际循环。当前,世界发达国家应对相对贫困问题的趋势是建立"以资产为基础"的社会政策,为儿童建立个人发展账户,用长期资产建设来弥补短期经济扶持的不足。新加坡、英国和韩国陆续实施了儿童发展账户政策,并积累了政府存款激励、政策向贫困儿童倾斜、资金主要用于教育、立法保障执行等有益经验。我国也应逐步建立"以资产为基础"的教育扶贫政策,尝试在深度贫困地区进行试点,探索建设以政府为主导、社会多元力量共同参与、嵌入社会安全网的儿童发展账户。

As the absolute poverty problem disappears,the focus of China’s anti-poverty education policy will shift to the establishment of a long-term mechanism to alleviate relative poverty and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty.At present,the trend of the world’s developed countries to deal with relative poverty is to establish asset-based social policies,establish personal development accounts for children,and use long-term asset accumulation to make up for short-term economic support.Singapore,the United Kingdom,and South Korea have successively implemented child development account policies,and have accumulated useful experiences such as government matching funds for personal deposits,preferential policies for poor children,funds mainly for education,and legislation for enforcement.China should also gradually establish an asset-based anti-poverty education policy,try to carry out experimental projects in deeply impoverished areas,and develop a government-led child development account with the participation of multiple social forces and to be embedded in the social safety net.