误读与审思:雅斯贝尔斯生存论大学理念述评

Mis-interpret and Re-view:A Study on Existentialist University Idea by Karl Jaspers

雅斯贝尔斯主张以"哲学的革新"带动"大学的革新"。通过主体重建,他扬弃了近代唯理论哲学"理性灵魂"的人性假设,变革其为"精神生命"。即高扬了人在认识主体外的、更为根本性的生存主体内涵,将"生存的澄明"作为最终旨归。在"生存目的性结构教育意蕴"的底色中,大学理念的逻辑基础被建立在人的哲学思维与精神性存在之上。在个人化"知识的宇宙"的背景中,文化教育作用于"整全人"的培养,理念以"交往"的实践形式被落实。生存论大学理念彰显出与知识论大学理念完全不同的、较为新颖的研究范式,有助于实现高等教育哲学多元化价值取向的学术生态平衡。

Karl Jaspers expects to drive "reformation of university" with " reformation of philosophy".Through the reconstruction of the subject,he instructively sublated the hypothesis of human being of "rational soul" in modern rationalistic philosophy and transformed it into "spiritual life".That is to say,he uplifts the more fundamental meaning of the existence subject beyond the cognitive subject.His philosophy with clarification of existence as the ultimate aim.In the underpainting of "educational implication about purposive structure of existence",the logical foundation of his Existentialist University Idea (EUI) is built on the philosophy thought and spiritual existence.In the background of personalized "cosmos of knowledge",the cultural education acts on the cultivation of "the whole man",the EUI is implemented in the practice form of "communication".EUI shows a relatively new research paradigm which is totally different from the idea of the university based on "theory of knowledge",it could help us to realize the academic ecological balance of multiple value orientation about philosophy of higher education.