知识经济背景下中国城镇化的第三次浪潮

The Third Wave of Urbanization in China Based on Knowledge Economy

基于当前知识经济背景和国内外城镇化发展态势,将改革开放以来我国城镇化进程划分为三个时期,即制度城镇化、资本城镇化和知识城镇化。其中,第一次城镇化浪潮是制度城镇化,包括乡村城镇化和中心城市拓展两个阶段,其以制度创新为动力,城乡工业发展为目的,显著提升了我国城镇化发展水平。第二次城镇化浪潮是资本城镇化,包括都市区快速扩张和新型城镇化推进两个时期,其以土地(空间)商品化为手段,都市区建设为路径,快速推动了我国城镇化发展进程。第三次城镇化浪潮是知识城镇化,其以创新驱动、知识经济和人力资本为核心,构建认知—文化经济形态和科技创新中心,并实施特色小镇和乡村振兴战略,进而实现我国城乡区域融合发展。在知识城镇化时期,创业精神、产业资本、人力资本、创新氛围是重要生产要素,政府、企业、人才、大学成为主要动力主体,共同推动了新时代城乡区域空间结构重塑。未来要注重对知识城镇化的政策引导,强化塑造城乡场景空间品质,创新城乡要素流动机制。

Based on the current development of knowledge economy and urbanization at home and abroad,the process of urbanization in China is divided into three periods since the reform and opening up,including of institutional urbanization,capital urbanization and knowledge urbanization. Among them,the first wave of urbanization is institutional urbanization,which includes rural urbanization and central city expansion. It takes institutional innovation as the driving force and urban and rural industrial development as the purpose, which significantly improves the level of urbanization in China.The second wave of urbanization is capital urbanization,which includes two periods of rapid expansion of metropolitan areas and the promotion of new urbanization. By means of land(space) commercialization and the construction of metropolitan areas as a path,it has rapidly promoted the process of urbanization in China. The third wave of urbanization is knowledge urbanization,which takes innovation drive,knowledge economy and human capital as the core,constructs the cognitive-cultural economic form and the center of scientific and technological innovation,and implements the strategy of special characteristic towns and rural revitalization,and then realize the integration of urban and rural development. In the period of knowledge urbanization, entrepreneurship, industrial capital, human capital and innovative atmosphere are important factors of production. Governments, enterprises, talents and universities are the main driving forces, which jointly promote the reconstruction of urban and rural spatial structure in the new era. In the future,we should pay attention to the policy guidance of knowledge urbanization,strengthen the spatial quality of urban and rural scenes,and innovate the flow mechanism of urban and rural elements.