基于可达性测度的城市社区居家养老服务供需匹配研究——以南京为例

Matching of Supply and Demand for Community Service-Oriented Home Care Facilities Based on Accessibility Measurement:A Case Study of Nanjing

针对特大型城市中心地区社区居家养老设施空间布局与老年人口空间分布不匹配问题,以南京江南主城四区为研究对象,基于多源数据,立足于供需匹配视角,应用改进两步移动搜索法对南京江南主城四区居家养老设施的可达性进行评价。结果表明:①改进后的两步移动搜索法和传统两步移动搜索法的可达性计算结果尽管整体相似,但前者能够更为精细地反映供需配比情况;②南京江南主城四区社区居家养老服务设施供需匹配度呈"圈层式"分布,老城边缘圈层可达性较好,外围圈层可达性一般,老城中心圈层可达性较差,各圈层内部供需匹配度的高低呈非均质化分布;③老年人口空间分布、城市交通微循环系统、设施环境及服务质量是影响养老设施供需匹配度空间分异的主要因素。

Aiming at the problem of the mismatch between the spatial layout of residential home care facilities and the spatial distribution of the elderly population in the central area of mega cities, the four districts of the main city of Jiangnan, Nanjing, are based on multi-source data, based on the perspective of supply and demand matching, and an improved two-step mobile search The accessibility of home care facilities in the four districts of Nanjing’s main city was evaluated. The research results show that: 1) the improved two-step mobile search method and the traditional two-step mobile search method have similar accessibility calculation results,but the former can more accurately reflect the supply and demand ratio;2) Nanjing Jiangnan The matching degree of supply and demand of residential home care facilities in the four districts of the main city is distributed in a "circle-like" manner: the reach of the outer circle of the old city is good,the reach of the outer circle is average,and the reach of the central circle of the old city is poor. The level of internal supply and demand matching in each circle is heterogeneous;3) The spatial distribution of the elderly population, the urban transportation micro-circulation system, facility environment and service quality are the main influencing factors that affect the spatial differentiation of the supply and demand matching of facilities.