长三角城市文化资源与旅游产业耦合协调及补偿机制

Coupling Coordination Between Urban Cultural Resources and Tourism Industry in the Yangtze River Delta and Cultural Compensation

文旅融合是旅游体验深化、文化资源活化利用的有效途径。在建构文化资源和旅游产业评价指标体系的基础上,建立耦合协调模型,以长三角26个城市为对象,分析两系统之间的耦合协调关系。结果表明:①长三角城市文化资源与旅游产业耦合协调存在时空分异。时间方面,文化资源和旅游产业的综合评价系数呈现缓慢增长的趋势,地区多处于良性耦合阶段,中度耦合协调状态,均呈缓慢增长趋势。地区耦合协调度空间分异明显,上海市、杭州市、南京市、苏州市等旅游资源禀赋高,旅游产业发展好,耦合协调度较高。②耦合协调度的动态演变较少,保持原有类型的概率较高,转移概率受到空间滞后的影响,与低水平的耦合协调度地区为邻,耦合协调度向下转移概率将增加,反之亦然。③文化资源和旅游产业耦合协调度受到经济发展水平、市场需求、基础设施、环境、人才等因素的影响。④旅游开发消费利用了地区的文化资源,对文化资源的利用应实施文化补偿策略,可通过对地方居民的补偿或形成集体性质的保护基金,实现旅游可持续发展。

The combination of cultural resources and tourism is an effective way of using cultural resources and deepening the tourism experience. Based on constructing the evaluation index system of the cultural resources and tourism industry,a coupling and coordination model is established. The 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta are targeted to study the coupling and coordination between the two systems. The results indicate that there are spatiotemporal differences in the coupling and coordination of cultural resources and tourism industries. 1) In terms of time, the comprehensive evaluation index of cultural resources and the tourism industry are slowly increasing,and most of them are in a benign coupling stage, indicating that cultural resources and the tourism industry are highly dependent, average coupling coordination is low, showing slow growth. The regional coupling coordination degree has obvious spatial differences. Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou and other cities have high coupling coordination degree with high resource endowment and good tourism development. 2) There is a high probability that the degree of coupling coordination remains the original type, and the probability of transition from low to medium coupling coordination in cross-state transition is high. The transition probability is affected by the spatial lag. The area with a low level of coupling coordination degree is adjacent,the downward transfer probability of the coupling coordination degree will increase,and vice versa. 3) The degree of coupling and coordination between cultural resources and the tourism industry is affected by factors such as the level of economic development,market demand,infrastructure,environment,talents and other factors. 4)The development of tourism not only consumes and utilizes the cultural resources of the region, but also produces a certain negative impact. The use of cultural resources should implement cultural compensation strategies. Sustainable development of tourism can be achieved through compensation to residents or through the formation of collective protection funds.