鼎湖山两栖动物多样性的时空格局变异

Temporal and spatial pattern variation of amphibian diversity in Dinghushan

生物多样性是人类赖以生存的条件,具有很高的生态环境价值.为掌握广东省鼎湖山国家级自然保护区内外两栖动物多样性在时间和空间尺度下的动态变化,设置调查样线13条,涵盖河流、湖泊、池塘、林地、溪流和水田等6种生境类型,于2018年4月中旬、6月初和7月底开展两栖动物多样性观测.观测期间记录两栖动物10种1794只,隶属于2目6科9属,其中黑眶蟾蜍、沼水蛙和饰纹姬蛙为区域内优势种,被IUCN列为濒危等级(EN)的虎纹蛙为少见种,版纳鱼螈、花狭口蛙和花姬蛙为本次调查少见种.两栖类动物的丰富度和多度与物种繁殖季节相关,4月丰富度和多度以及相对多度均最高,为10种、1144只、63.8%;生境类型影响两栖类多样性,河流生境物种丰富度最高、为9种,水田生境物种多度和相对多度最高,为768只、42%,林地生境丰富度和多度均为最低.保护区内与保护区外物种多样性无明显差异.2018年观测的两栖动物多样性远少于本区域已有记录.建议建立长效观测机制,根据两栖动物时空分布格局,有针对性地制定保护措施、提高保护成效.

Biodiversity is the condition of human survival,and has a high value of ecological environment.In this study,13 survey lines were set up in and outside Dinghushan National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province,covering six habitat types,ie.river,lake,pond,forest land,stream and paddy field.Amphibian diversity monitoring was carried out in April,June and July of 2018.There are 10 species and 1794 amphibians,which belong to 2 orders,6 families and 9 genera.The dominant species in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve are Duttaphrynus melanostictus,Fejervarya multistriata,and Microhyla fissipes,while Hoplobatrachus chinensis is rare species.However,the dominant species recorded in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve,i.e.,Ichthyophis bannanicus,aloula pulchra,and M.pulchra,are rare species in this investigation.The richness and abundance of amphibians are related to the season of species reproduction.In April,the richness,abundance and relative abundance are the highest(10 species,1144 individuals,63.8%).Habitat types affect the diversity of amphibians.The species richness of river habitat is the highest(9 species),paddy habitat is the highest(768 individuals,42%),and forest habitat is the lowest.There was no significant difference in species diversity between inside and outside the reserve.The diversity of amphibians observed in 2018 is far less than that recorded in the region.It is suggested to establish a long-term observation mechanism,according to the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of amphibians,to formulate protective measures and improve the effectiveness of protection.