贵州省某水泥厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析

Influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of workers in a cement plant in Guizhou Province

目的调查水泥厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择某水泥厂196名工人为研究对象,采用经修订的《肌肉骨骼损伤情况调查问卷》,调查其近1年内WMSDs患病情况。结果水泥厂生产工人不同部位WMSDs的检出率为18.4%~32.1%,按检出率从高到低依次为肩部、颈部、上背部、踝/足部、下背(腰)部、臀/大腿部、手腕/手部、肘部、膝部(P<0.01),检出率依次为32.1%、30.6%、24.0%、24.0%、23.5%、22.4%、21.4%、18.4%、18.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,颈部长时间固定姿势是颈部WMSDs的危险因素[比值比(OR)=2.29,P<0.05],经常转身是颈部和下背(腰)部WMSDs的危险因素(OR分别为3.06、3.32,P<0.05),背部长时间固定姿势是肩部和上背部WMSDs的危险因素(OR分别为3.22、2.34,P<0.05),工作辛苦是肩部和上背部WMSDs的危险因素(OR分别为2.60,2.58,P<0.05),驾驶车辆是下背(腰)部和踝/足部WMSDs的危险因素(OR分别为2.54、3.17,P<0.05),搬运重物>20 kg和经常加班是踝/足部WMSDs的危险因素(OR分别为3.03、2.54,P<0.05)。结论水泥厂生产工人WMSDs多发部位以肩部和颈部为主,职业因素(经常转身、颈部固定姿势和背部固定姿势)是导致肩部和颈部WMSDs的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)among workers in a cement plant.Methods A total of 196 workers in a cement plant were selected as study subjects using a judgment sampling method.A revised Musculoskeletal Injury Questionnaire was used to investigate the occurrence of WMSDs in workers in the past year.Results The detection rate of WMSDs in different parts of the body of workers in the cement plant was 18.4%-32.1%.The detection rates of WMSDs in all parts of the body from high to low was as follows:shoulder(32.1%),neck(30.6%),upper back(24.0%),ankle/foot(24.0%),lower back(23.5%),hip/thigh(22.4%),wrist/hand(21.4%),elbow(18.4%),and knee(18.4%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that keeping the neck in the same posture for a long time was a risk factor for neck WMSDs[odds ratio(OR)=2.29,P<0.05).Frequent turning around was a risk factor for WMSDs on the neck and lower back(waist)(OR were 3.06 and 3.32,P<0.05).Maintaining the same posture for a long time on the back was a risk factor for shoulder and upper back WMSDs(OR were 3.22 and 2.34,P<0.05).Hard work was a risk factor for shoulder and upper back WMSDs(OR were 2.60 and 2.58,P<0.05).Driving a vehicle was a risk factor for lower back(waist)and ankle/foot WMSDs(OR were 2.54 and 3.17,P<0.05).Carrying objects heavier than 20 kilograms and frequent overtime working were risk factors for ankle/foot WMSDs(OR were 3.03 and 2.54,P<0.05).Conclusion The most frequent parts of the body having WMSDs in the cement production workers are shoulders and necks.Occupational factors(turning around or keeping the same posture of neck and back)are risk factors of WMSDs on shoulder and neck.