某核电站噪声危害特征分析

Characteristics of noise hazard in a nuclear power station

目的分析某核电站噪声危害特征。方法采用方便抽样法,选择广东某核电站2台1000 MW机组工作场所及其接触噪声岗位为研究对象。对其进行职业卫生现场调查,检测工作场所噪声与个体噪声,分析噪声危害特征。结果核电站噪声源主要分布于核岛厂房、常规岛厂房和外围厂房。工作场所237个噪声检测点噪声强度为66.0~99.6 dB(A);其中,噪声强度≥80.0 dB(A)者占62.4%(148/237),噪声强度≥85.0 dB(A)者占34.2%(81/237)。噪声强度≥85.0 dB(A)的检测点百分比由低至高依次为核岛厂房、常规岛厂房、外围厂房(依次为22.0%、37.5%、53.8%,P<0.01)。机械部主机科、准备科和运行部巡检员3个岗位为噪声超标岗位,岗位噪声超标率为9.7%(3/31)。结论核电站工作场所中高强度噪声源主要分布于核岛厂房、常规岛厂房、外围厂房,存在部分噪声超标岗位;应加强核电站噪声超标岗位的噪声危害防控措施。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of noise hazard in a nuclear power station.Methods The workplaces and working posts which exposed to occupational noise from two 1000 MW power units in one nuclear power station in Guangdong Province was selected as study subjects using the convenience sampling method.Occupational health survey,noise measurement in the workplace and personal noise dosage measurement were used to monitor noise exposure,and to analyze the characteristics of occupational noise in the nuclear power station.Results The noise sources of the nuclear power plant were mainly distributed in the nuclear island,conventional island,and peripheral workshops.A total of 237 points of noise intensity were measured in the workplace.The intensity of noise ranged from 66.0 to 99.6 dB(A).The noise intensity in 62.4%(148/237)of points was equal or greater than 80.0 dB(A)and 34.2%(81/237)equal or greater than 85.0 dB(A).The percentage of detection points with noise intensity was equal or greater than 85.0 dB(A)from low to high were nuclear island,conventional island,and peripheral workshops with 22.0%,37.5%and 53.8%respectively(P<0.01).The personal noise intensity of three positions including inspectors of operation department,preparation and main engine positions of mechanical department exceeded the occupational exposure limit(OEL),and the percentage of positions whose noise intensity exceeded the OEL was 9.7%(3/31).Conclusion High-intensity noise sources of the nuclear power plant are widely distributed in the workshop areas of nuclear island,conventional island,and peripheral workshops.The noise level of some positions exceeded the standards of noise intensity.The prevention and control measures of noise hazards in posts with excessive noise should be strengthened.