金银花田棉铃虫发生规律及八种杀虫剂对其防治应用评价

Population Dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera in Honeysuckle Field and Field Application Evaluation of Eight Insecticides for Controlling Larvae

金银花是在全国广泛种植的重要中药材,而棉铃虫是危害金银花花蕾的重要害虫。该研究对金银花田棉铃虫的发生动态进行调查,测定8种药剂对棉铃虫幼虫的致毒作用并评价了药剂对棉铃虫的田间防治效果和对金银花的安全性,以期明确棉铃虫在山东金银花产区的发生规律并筛选高效低毒安全的防治药剂。结果表明:棉铃虫在山东省金银花田一年发生4代,且幼虫发生盛期与金银花花蕾采收期存在明显的重叠;供试药剂中,乙基多杀菌素、甲维盐、茚虫威和氯虫苯甲酰胺对棉铃虫3龄幼虫具有较好的致毒作用;田间防治试验表明,上述药剂是防治棉铃虫的高效药剂,其速效性和持效性突出;苏云金芽胞杆菌对棉铃虫幼虫也有较好的防治效果,而植物源药剂苦参碱对棉铃虫防治作用不突出;此外,8种药剂处理对金银花的植株生长和花蕾产量没有不利影响。因此,在金银花田棉铃虫幼虫发生初期,采用乙基多杀菌素、甲维盐、茚虫威或苏云金芽孢杆菌进行地上喷雾可达到较好控制作用。

Lonicera japonica Thunb.is an important Chinese herbal medicine,which planted widely in China.Helicoverpa armigera,a worldwide pest,is an important pest of Lonicera japonica damageing the Honeysuckle bud,causing severe losses for Honeysuckle industry.To clear the population dynamics of H.armigera in honeysuckle-growing areas in Shandong Province,and screen pesticides both efficient and secure for controlling H.armigera,we investigated the occurrence dynamics of H.armigera,and detected the toxicity of 8 pesticides against H.armigera 3rd instar larvae.Then,the field efficacy and safety of L.japonica plants were detected.The results indicated that H.armigera occurs four generations one year in Honeysuckle field of Shandong Province,and the larval high occurrence period overlapped with Honeysuckle bud harvest time.In the tested pesticides,spinetoram,emamectin benzoate,indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole possessed higher toxicity against H.armigera 3rd instar larvae,and the values of LC50 were lower than 10 mg·L-1.Field experiment indicated that the above four insecticides were special formulation controlling H.armigera with better fast-acting property and persistence,and the control efficiency were over 85%.Moreover,entomogenous microorganism,Bacillus thuringiensis,also had considerable control effect,while the control effect of botanical insecticide,matrine,was less prominent.Furthermore,spraying the tested 8 insecticides was safe to honeysuckle plants.In conclusion,during early period of H.armigera larval occurrence,spraying spinetoram,emamectin benzoate,indoxacarb and Bacillus thuringiensi cloud play an excellent control effect.