不同改良措施对关中典型设施盐碱土质量的影响

Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Quality of Typical Saline-alkali Soil With Plastic Shed in the Middle of Shaanxi

为改善关中典型设施盐碱土质量,通过在大荔盐碱土中对设施冬枣种植区设置常规管理(S0)、生物有机肥(S1)、农家土粪肥(S2)和玉米秸秆覆盖(S3)4个改良土壤处理,以土壤肥力综合指数(IFI)为评价指标,分析了不同改良措施对关中典型设施盐碱地不同土层质量的影响,以期改善关中典型设施盐碱土质量。结果表明:改良措施不同程度地降低土壤碱性和盐性;生物有机肥和腐熟牛粪添加显著降低土壤pH,而玉米秸秆覆盖对土壤pH无显著影响,但玉米秸秆覆盖脱盐率最高;改良措施总体提高土壤养分和土壤肥力综合指数,且不同改良措施对各土壤养分含量和土壤肥力影响有所差异;生物有机肥和农家土粪肥显著提高盐碱化土壤养分和肥力,生物有机肥使0~20 cm的土壤阳离子交换量、碱解氮、有机质、速效磷、速效钾和土壤肥力综合指数分别增加了29.1%、262.4%、35.9%、596.8%、91.9%和71.5%;秸秆覆盖在一定程度上增加耕作层土壤肥力指数,但对深层土壤肥力的提高有限。因此,关中典型设施盐碱地综合改良过程合理施用生物有机肥对土壤整体质量具有明显改善效果。

In order to improve the quality of typical saline-alkali soil with plastic shed in the middle of Shaanxi,routine management(S0),biological organic fertilizer(S1),farm soil manure(S2),and corn stalk mulch(S3)for winter jujube in plastic shed of typical saline-alkali soil with plastic shed in Dali were established.Integrated fertility index(IFI)was adopted to assess soil fertility.In order to improve the quality of typical saline-alkali soil with plastic shed in the middle of Shaanxi.The results showed that improvement measures could decrease soil alkaline and salinity to different degrees.Bio-organic fertilizer(mushroom residue)and farm manure significantly reduced soil pH while corn straw mulching had no significant difference on soil pH.The desalinization rate was highest after corn straw mulching.Improvement measures overall increased soil nutrients and soil IFI,with different effects on various soil nutrients and fertility index.Bio-organic fertilizer(mushroom residue)and farm manure significantly increased soil nutrients and fertility.Take the depth of 0-20 cm as an example,cation exchange capacity(CEC),available nitrogen,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,and IFI increased by 29.1%,262.4%,35.9%,596.8%,91.9%and 71.5%,respectively.Corn straw mulching increased to a certain degree soil fertility index in plough layer.However,the increasing of soil fertility in deep layer was limited.Therefore,the reasonable application of bio-organic fertilizer in the comprehensive improvement process of saline-alkali land of greenhouse in Guanzhong has a significant improvement effect on the overall soil quality.