大型光伏电站太阳自动追踪系统的设计及应用

Design and Application of Solar Tracking Systems for Large PV Plants

为提高大型光伏(PV)电站的发电效率,设计了一种集中控制的视日运动轨迹追踪系统。该追日系统采用平单轴控制方式,可以降低成本和复杂度,提升系统可靠性。应用逆向跟踪阴影躲避技术,进一步提升发电效率,避免热斑效应。集成照度、风速风向、积雪厚度、雨量等气象传感器,设计灵活的场景控制功能,实现光伏电站的风雪保护、自动清洗等功能。控制主站可以接入互联网,便于电站的远程监控和数据统计,主站与分站通过无线通信进行数据交互,可有效降低成本和布线难度。通过建设对比测试系统进行长期跟踪测试和实际应用表明,安装了该追日系统的大型光伏电站相对于固定安装的光伏电站,成本增加不到1%,综合发电效率提升20%~30%,并可有效提升光伏电站的抗灾能力和管理便捷性。

Inorder to improve the power generation efficiency of large photovoltaic(PV) plants,a centralized control solar tracking system is designed.The horizontal single axis tracking method is applied to make the system more reliable and achieve less costs and complexity.Reverse tracking technology is adopted in this system to avoid hot spot effect and increase the power generation efficiency further.The system consists of many meteorological sensors,such as illuminance,wind speed and direction,snow depth and rainfall sensors,and its flexible scene control realizes functions such as wind and snow protection,automatic cleaning of solar photo-voltaic power devices in heavy rain.The main station can access the internet,which is convenient for remote monitoring and data statistics of the power station.The data interaction between the main station and sub stations through wireless communication effectively reduces the cost and wiring difficulty.The contrast test system has been built for long-term tracking test.The results of practical using test and long-term tracking test show that the cost of large PV plants with installed solar tracking system is increased by less than 1%,but the comprehensive generation efficiency is increased by 20%~30%.The ability of anti-disaster and the convenience of management of PV plants are also improved effectively.