哈贝马斯“生活世界理论”对现代性的反思

Reflection on Modernity in Habermas’Theory of Life World

哈贝马斯的生活世界理论包含着他对现代性的反思。在哈贝马斯看来,生活世界在现代社会的殖民化过程反映出现代性困境的三个方面,即社会生活中的交往异化、社群意识的淡化以及主体理性主义的单向度发展。导致现代性困境的原因则是日常生活中话语的误用以及自我中心主义的盛行。有鉴于此,哈贝马斯一方面主张在生活情境中运用普遍语用原则解决交往异化问题;另一方面强调应该通过倡导交往理性强化社群意识,以此来重建现代性这样一项未完成的工作。

Habermas’theory of life world contains his reflection on modernity.In Habermas’view,the colonization of the life world in modern society reflects three aspects of the emergence of the modern dilemma,namely,the alienation of communication in social life,the weakening of community consciousness and the one-dimensional development of subjective rationalism.The causes of modernity dilemma are the misuse of discourse in daily life and the prevalence of egocentrism.In view of this,Habermas,on the one hand,advocates the use of universal pragmatic principles in life situations to solve the problem of communication alienation;on the other hand,he emphasizes that communicative rationality should be advocated to strengthen the sense of community in order to reconstruct the unfinished work of modernity.