论阳明学“良知共通性”的可能性——以海德格尔现象学和伽达默尔解释学为视角

On the Possibility of Conscience Commonality in Yangming Theory——From the Perspective of Heidegger′s phenomenology and Gadamer′s Hermeneutics

在宇宙天道视野中,程朱伦理学立足“理本体”,提出“性即理”,自上而下探究普遍人性,先验“性体”成为普遍性人性的形而上根据。阳明将形而上“性体”拉回到“心体”,提出“心即性即理”。在伦理生活情景中,以良知和德行来说明什么是善这个问题,以工夫实践赋予人性以生存论的诠释。良知作为具体的普遍性人性的根据。“良知共通性”是保证良知普遍有效性的根据。借鉴海德格尔现象学和伽达默尔解释学,剖析“良知共通性”之所以可能的三个基础条件:一是良知建基于真己;二是良知建基于“同情”与“同理”;三是良知建基于“工夫”。这三个基础条件如三足鼎立,坚实地支撑起“良知共通性”,完善了阳明生存论伦理学。

Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu put forward that the theory of human nature is the reason following the“noumenal status of Li”,which is to explore universal human nature from top to bottom,while Yangming Theory stresses that mind is the reason.In real ethical life,conscience and virtue are used to explain what is good,while long time practice are used to give human nature an interpretation of existentialism.Conscience is the basis of concrete commonality of human nature,and ensures that conscience commonality provides universal effectiveness of conscience.Based on Heidegger′s phenomenology and Gadamer′s hermeneutics,this paper analyzes three basic conditions for the possibility of commonality of conscience:(1)conscience is based on the true self,(2)conscience comes from the feeling of sympathy and similarity,and(3)conscience can be showed by time.These three basic conditions firmly support the commonality of conscience and perfect Yangming′s existential ethics.