隐形冠军企业创业研究述评及展望

A Review of the Research on Hidden Champion Entrepreneurship and Prospects

“隐形冠军”作为国际细分市场领导者,其创业成功的机理研究对未来创业研究领域发展具有重要意义。本文在文献梳理的基础上,对“隐形冠军”研究进行详尽的回顾和分析,挖掘隐形冠军企业创业的战略特色,总结归纳隐形冠军企业创业主要影响因素,分析隐形冠军企业机会—资源一体化创业过程机理,并构建了“隐形冠军企业创业影响因素—创业过程—创业绩效”整合模型。最后分析现有研究的不足,提出了未来在隐形冠军企业创业前因变量、创业过程、基于中国情境的研究和创业战略方面开展进一步研究的展望。本文的研究为隐形冠军企业战略研究提出了新思路和研究框架,为公司创业和国际创业理论研究提供新方向,对丰富机会—资源一体化创业机理研究有着重要意义。

Simon’s“Hidden Champion”,a leader in the international market with high export performance,is a successful model in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises.The mechanism of Hidden Champion’s success deserves much academic attention,but scholars pay more attention just on the success factors of Hidden Champion,and put forward factors as globalization,customer orientation,innovation,competitive advantage,employee loyalty,strong leadership,decentralized organization and corporate culture,and institutional environment,while few scholars have studied the growth process and mechanism of Hidden Champion.Existing researches show that the growth process of Hidden Champion has typical characteristics of entrepreneurial enterprises,which are highlighted in their sensitivity to environmental change,risk bearing,initiativeness and innovation.Hidden Champion mainly focuses on a certain market segment,creatively integrates resources,constantly develops new market opportunities,and improves market share,so as to achieve sustainable development.Therefore,it is of great significance to systematically study the growth process and mechanism of Hidden Champion and summarize its development rules and models for the management strategy research from the entrepreneurial perspective.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the research status of Hidden Champion from the entrepreneurial perspective and provide reference for future research on Hidden Champion entrepreneurship.By conducting a review of Hidden Champion on the entrepreneurial perspective,we put forward the concept of Hidden Champion entrepreneurship,sum up the dependent variable of Hidden Champion entrepreneurship,construct the opportunity-resource integration process of Hidden Champion entrepreneurship,and finally build up the research integration model of Hidden Champion entrepreneurship.The result reveals that the dependent variables of Hidden Champion entrepreneurship mainly include market orientation,technology orientation,entrepreneurship orientation,network relationship,human capital,entrepreneurial leadership and environment.From the perspective of opportunity-resource integration,the entrepreneurial process of Hidden Champion is characterized by the double driver of both market and technology,and there are two entrepreneurial processes of opportunity-resource integration driven by market and technology,which complement and balance each other,so as to promote the sustainable competitive advantage of Hidden Champion.We propose future research on the following aspects:(1)Further research on the dependent variables with their connotations,dimensions and measurement scales of Hidden Champion entrepreneurship;(2)Empirical research on the entrepreneurial process of Hidden Champion,especially on the process of opportunity-resource integration of Hidden Champion entrepreneurship;(3)More researches on Hidden Champion entrepreneurship under the Chinese context;(4)More researches on the entrepreneurship strategy of Hidden Champion.This paper proposes to systematically study on the growth process and mechanism of Hidden Champion from the entrepreneurial perspective,and puts forward the concept of Hidden Champion entrepreneurship for the first time.It also constructs the opportunity-resource integration entrepreneurial process model of Hidden Champion driven by both market and technology,which enriches the theoretical research of opportunity-resource integration entrepreneurship.At last,it constructs an integrated model for the further research on Hidden Champion entrepreneurship,and presents new ideas for the strategic research of Hidden Champion.