社会支持和一般自我效能感对大学生应对方式的影响

The influence of social support and general self-efficacy on coping style of college students

目的考察大学生社会支持与应对方式的关系及一般自我效能感的中介作用,为提升大学生应对水平提供参考。方法采用一般自我效能感量表、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷,对某工科为主的综合性大学的大学生进行调查。结果共调查3 007名大学生,大学生一般自我效能感得分为(2.61±0.43)分,客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度得分分别为(13.24±3.91)、(23.34±4.12)、(8.53±1.86)分,积极应对、消极应对得分分别为(2.27±0.42)、(1.00±0.47)分。男生一般自我效能感得分显著高于女生,女生客观支持、对支持的利用度、积极应对维度上得分显著高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。社会支持各维度与一般自我效能感、应对方式中积极应对维度均呈正相关(P值均<0.01),与消极应对呈负相关(P<0.01);一般自我效能感与积极应对呈正相关(P<0.01),与消极应对呈负相关(P<0.01);通过AMOS 26.0进行路径分析,模型拟合度良好,社会支持与应对方式间的直接作用显著,效应值为0.34(P<0.01);一般自我效能感起部分中介作用,中介效应值为0.14,占总效应值比例为29.17%。结论大学生社会支持既能直接影响应对方式,也能通过一般自我效能感间接产生影响。应注重培养大学生的一般自我效能感,提升积极应对水平。

Objective To investigate the relationship between social support and coping style of college students and the mediating role of general self-efficacy;to provide reference for improving the coping level of college students.Methods The General Self-efficacy Scale,Social Support Rating Scale and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were used to investigate college students from a comprehensive university dominated by engineering subjects.Results A total of 3 007 college students were investigated.The scores of general self-efficacy were(2.61±0.43),the scores of objective support,subjective support and utilization of support were(13.24±3.91),(23.34±4.12),(8.53±1.86),respectively;the scores of positive coping and negative coping were(2.27±0.42)and(1.00±0.47),respectively.The scores of general self-efficacy of male students were significantly higher than that of female students,while the scores of objective support,utilization of support and positive coping of female students were significantly higher than those of male students,all with statistical difference(all P<0.05).All dimensions of social support were positively correlated with general self-efficacy and positive coping styles(all P<0.01),and negatively correlated with negative coping styles(P<0.01);general self-efficacy was positively correlated with positive coping(P<0.01),and negatively correlated with negative coping(P<0.01).The fitting degrees of the model in path analysis by AMOS 26.0 software were good.The direct effect between social support and coping style was significant,and the effect value was 0.34(P<0.01);the general self-efficacy played a partial mediating role,and the mediating effect value was 0.14,accounted for 29.17% of the total effect value.Conclusion College students′social support can not only directly affect the coping style,but also has indirectly effect through general self-efficacy.More attention should be paid to the cultivation of college students′general self-efficacy and improve the level of positive coping.