诗歌与宗教:天学诗集《闽中诸公赠诗》典故新诠

The Christianity in Poetry: a New Interpretation of the Allusions of Dedicated Poems of Literatifrom Fujian

天学诗是指以传教士和西方宗教文化为题材的中国古典诗歌,是明清鼎革之际中国士人在政治和文化危机下感知西学和天主教之后所创作的文学作品,融合了中国士人对西方文化的理解、接受和想象。天学诗集《闽中诸公赠诗》的诗人们以用典为主要修辞手法,引用了大量的先秦诸子语典、寓言故事、上古神话和名人事典,将对古代圣贤治世的追思、对当时混乱时局的痛心和对传教士的赞赏融入诗中;天学诗用典是晚明文学复古倾向的表征,典故的选择与运用又受到了诗人的文化背景、社会地位,以及三教合一思潮的深刻影响。

Tianxue-poetry is the Chinese classical poetry with missionary and western religious culture as its theme.It was written by Chinese scholars after they knew Western studies and Catholicism under the political and cultural crisis during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.These poems contain their understanding,acceptance and imagination about Western cultures and religions.The poets of Tianxue-poetry collection Dedicated Poems of Literati from Fujian used allusions as the main rhetorical device,citing a large number of pre-Qin scholars’allusions,fables,ancient myths and celebrity stories,and they integrated the memory of ancient sages,their grief for the chaotic situation at that time,and appreciation of missionaries.The use of Allusions in Tianxue poems is the representation of the tendency of“back to the ancients”in the literature of late Ming Dynasty,the selection and application of allusions were also deeply influenced by the poet's cultural background,social status and the thought of“three religions in one”.