立枯丝核菌毒素的研究进展

Research Progresses in Phytotoxin Produced by Rhizoctonia solani

立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani kühn)寄主范围广且腐生性强,主要危害禾本科、茄科、豆科和十字花科等43科260多种植物,造成水稻、玉米和马铃薯等作物产量严重减少以及品质下降。目前种质库中尚未发现高水平的抗源,因此无法借助转基因手段培育抗立枯丝核菌的新材料。立枯丝核菌致病因子主要为毒素和细胞壁降解酶,基于病原菌和植物互作关系,本文着重阐述了立枯丝核菌毒素提取工艺的发展、成分鉴定、生物活性及致病机理,旨在为进一步深入研究立枯丝核菌及其相关病害的有效防治提供一定的理论依据。

Rhizoctonia solani has the characteristics of strong saprophyticity and wide range of hosts,it is mainly harmful to more than 260 kinds of plants in 43 families including Gramineae, Solanaceae, Leguminosae and Cruciferae,resulting in severe reduction in yield and quality in rice, corn and potato. However, high levels of resistance gene have not been found in the genebank, so it is impossible to cultivate new materials resistant to Rhizoctonia solani by gene transformation. The main pathogenic factors of Rhizoctonia solani are toxin and cell wall degrading enzymes. Based on the interaction between pathogens and plants, this review focuses on the production, component identification, biological activity and pathogenic mechanism of Rhizoctonia solani, which aimed is provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of Rhizoctonia solani and the effective prevention and treatment of related diseases.