老年痴呆患者住院期间走失风险评估及干预方法的研究进展

Research progresses on risk assessment and intervention methods of loss of elderly patients with dementia during hospitalization

近年来老年痴呆住院患者不断上升,同时,老年痴呆患者在住院期间的走失数量也在逐年上升。老年痴呆患者在住院期间出现走失事件将会给患者、家庭、医院造成严重的不良后果。常用走失风险的测量工具包括:简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表(MoCA)、老年痴呆患者日常空间定向问卷(ESQD-P)、寻路效能量表(WES)、游走风险量表(WRS)、简易走失风险评估等。针对住院期间无风险或低风险的老年痴呆人群,可以采取标准预防性干预方法,针对高风险人群可以采取风险预防性干预方法,可规范住院期间老年痴呆患者防走失的安全管理、减少走失带来的不良后果。

In recent years,the number of hospitalized senile patients with dementia has continued to increase,which has also caused the number of patients with senile dementia to increase year by year.The loss of senile dementia patients during hospitalization will cause serious adverse consequences to patients,families,and hospitals.Common tools for measuring the risk of loss include:Minimum Mental State Examination(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),Everyday Spatial Questionnaire for Dementia-patient version(ESQD-P),Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale(WES),Wander Risk Scale(WRS),Simple Loss Risk Assessment,etc.Standard preventive intervention methods can be adopted for people with no-risk or low-risk Alzheimer′s disease during hospitalization,and risk preventive intervention methods can be adopted for high-risk groups,which can standardize the safety management of senile dementia patients during hospitalization and reduce the negative consequences of being lost.