科技人力资源现状与流动态势——美国视角引发的思考

Human Resources in Science and Technology and its flow:From the perspective of the United States

美国世界科技强国地位的保持与其科学与工程劳动力的规模与质量密切相关。跨国流入美国的科学家与工程师成为了美国高技术人力资源的有益补充,也使美国成为全球人才流入第一目的地国家。美国这一地位的获得,是经济、科技、社会、历史等多因素作用的结果,其中包括美国移民法的不断完善,科技配套政策设计、国际合作项目开展及优质高等教育资源的整合效应释放。对美国科技人力资源现状的分析为我们带来很多启发。然而,近年来的逆全球化态势也为我们的人才工作提出了更多挑战,并引发我们更多深入思考。

As a super power in science and technology,the United States’global status is closely related with the scale and quality of science and engineering labor force.The transnational flow of scientists and engineers into the United States has become a useful supplement to its human resources in S&T,and the United States has become No.1 destination country for the global inflow of talents.This status can be attributed to the integrative effect of continuous improvement of immigration laws,the design of U.S.S&T policies,the development of international cooperation projects and the high-quality higher education resources.The analysis on the human resources in S&T of the U.S.could bring us much insights.However,the reverse globalization in recent years puts forward much challenge and in-depth thinking for us.