花生过敏常见免疫疗法研究概况

A Review of Common Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy

随着花生过敏发病率在全球范围内逐渐升高,越来越多新的治疗方法被提出并进行试验,皮下免疫疗法、口服免疫疗法、舌下免疫疗法、表皮免疫疗法等过敏原特异性免疫疗法,以及益生菌佐剂疗法、大豆饮食补充剂疗法、中草药抗过敏疗法等过敏原非特异性免疫疗法有其各自的优势,亦存在不同程度的局限和风险。其中,表皮免疫疗法使用的过敏原剂量低,疗效温和,施用方便简易,是一种潜在的安全性良好的免疫疗法。近年来,中医药在预防及治疗花生过敏方面被证实有确切的临床疗效,特别是中药复方FAHF-2,可使患者达到某种程度的脱敏,安全有效,在诱导长期耐受性方面极具优势,但对其发挥疗效的中药活性成分的物质基础与分子机制的探索是难点,也是未来的重点研究方向之一。此外,患者对象的选择、给药方案中最佳剂量的选择、免疫治疗的耐受持续时间、治疗方案的强度和风险、短期和长期疗效的确定等也是花生过敏免疫疗法进一步研究的方向。

With the increasing incidence rate of peanut allergy worldwide,more and more new treatments have been put forward and tested.Allergen specific immunotherapies such as subcutaneous immunotherapy,oral immunotherapy,sublingual immunotherapy,epidermal immunotherapy,and non-specific immunotherapies with allergens such as probiotics adjuvant therapy,soybean dietary supplement therapy,and Chinese herbal medicine antiallergic therapy have their own advantages,but also have different limitations and risks.Among them,epidermal immunotherapy is a potential and safe immunotherapy because of its low dosage of allergens,mild curative effect and easy application.In recent years,Chinese medicine has been proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of peanut allergy.In particular,the Chinese medicine compound FAHF-2 can desensitize the patients to a certain extent,which is safe and effective,and has great advantages in inducing long-term tolerance.However,it is difficult to explore the material basis and molecular mechanism of the active ingredients of Chinese materia medica for its curative effect,which will become the key research and one of the research directions in the future.In addition,the selection of patients,the selection of the optimal dose in the administration regimen,the tolerance duration of immunotherapy,the intensity and risk of treatment regimen,and the determination of short-term and long-term efficacy are also the further research directions of peanut allergy immunotherapy.