基于蚁群包流量感知的车联网路由

Ant Colony-based Traffic-aware VANET Routing

地理源路由(Geographical Source Routing, GSR)没有考虑车流量信息,不适用于车联网(Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, VANETs)的城市环境。面对VANETs的城市环境,提出基于GSR的有效改进路由(Efficient GSR,EGSR)协议。EGSR路由基于蚂蚁算法发现路由,进而优化网络连接。EGSR路由假定每辆车拥有城市道路的数字地图。将小型控制包称为蚂蚁,位于十字路口区域的车辆就传输蚂蚁。再利用蚂蚁所携带的信息,车辆计算道路的权重,且权重正比于道路的网络连接。最后,源车辆就利用具有最大权重的路径传输数据包。与基于蚁群优化(Vehicular-ant Colony Optimization, ACO)的VANET路由相比,EGSR路由的数据包传递率提高了近10%,同时路由开销和端到端传输时延也得到有效控制。

The problem of geographical source routing(GSR) is that it does not consider the vehicular traffic conditions of the streets for vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs) city environments. Therefore, for city environments in VANETs, the efficient GSR(EGSR) is proposed in the paper. EGSR uses an ant-based algorithm to find a route that has optimum network connectivity. It is assumed that every vehicle has a digital map of the streets comprised of junctions and street segments. Using information included in small control packets called ants, the vehicles calculate a weight for every street segment proportional to the network connectivity of that segment. Ant packets are launched by the vehicles in junction areas. In order to find the optimal route between a source and a destination, the source vehicle determines the path on a street map with the minimum total weight for the complete route. The simulation results show that the packet delivery ratio is improved by more than 10% for speeding up to 70 km/h compared with the VANET routing protocol based on ant colony optimization(VACO) that also uses an ant-based algorithm. In addition, the routing control overhead and end-to-end delay are also reduced.