建筑装修材料可挥发性有机化合物散发特性分析

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Building Decoration Materials

建筑装修材料是新装修建筑室内可挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,简称VOCs)的主要散发源。选取南京市某户住宅装修过程中的8种主要建筑装修材料进行环境舱测试,获得材料甲醛与VOCs的浓度变化趋势;结合模型拟合关键散发参数,按照计算出的168 h污染物释放率对所测材料进行散发分级评价。根据污染物释放率等级和48 h散发状态对所测建筑装修材料的散发进行分析与对比,从材料角度来看,地板和粉刷石膏的所散发污染物浓度较高;从污染物角度来看,各材料的TVOC释放率较高,168 h平均释放率为496.9μg/(m^2·h)。此外,所测湿材料中检测到高浓度的乙酸、壬醛和酞酸二乙酯,其48 h平均浓度分别为14.35μg/m^3、12.53μg/m^3和7.57μg/m^3;而所测干材料中检测到高浓度的2-乙基氧杂环丁烷,其48 h平均浓度为8.97μg/m^3。建筑装修材料的环境舱测试为后续分析实际装修阶段室内空气的污染状况提供了实验基础。

Building decoration materials serve as the main sources of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in newly constructed buildings.Eight different building decoration materials used in a residential unit in Nanjing were selected for environmental chamber tests.Formaldehyde and VOCs emitted by these materials were obtained and the key emission parameters were regressed according to emission models.Emission levels of the materials were obtained according to the emission rates at 168 h.According to the emission rate of pollutants and the emission status at the 48 h,the VOC concentrations of flooring and gypsum powder were higher than other materials.Emission rates of TVOC were higher than other pollutants and the average emission rate at 168 h was 496.9μg/(m^2·h).In addition,high concentrations of acetic acid,nonanal,and diethyl phthalate were identified in the wet materials,with their average concentrations at 48 h of 14.35μg/m^3,12.53μg/m^3 and 7.57μg/m^3,respectively.And higher concentrations of 2-ethyloxetane were detected in the dry materials,with its average concentration at 48 h of 8.97μg/m^3.With the environmental chamber test of building decoration materials,an experimental basis was provided for the subsequent analysis of the pollution status of indoor air in the actual decoration stage.