重庆传统民居山体利用模式与热环境分析

Field Study on Mountain Utilization Patterns and Thermal Environment of Vernacular Dwellings in Chongqing

以重庆山地民居山体利用模式及其热环境特征为研究内容,运用定性(模式分析)与定量(热环境分析)相结合的研究方法,选取重庆三倒拐场镇民居为研究案例与实测样本,提取并解析了三种典型山体利用模式———利用山体作为局部围护结构、形成吊层空间、形成井道空间,继而开展各季节不同山体利用模式热环境实测对比分析。研究表明,重庆山地民居巧妙利用了山体及地表常年较为稳定的热工性能,使得其山体利用模式具有多重环境调节作用,尤其在夏季降温,促进竖向通风、保持室内“冬暖夏凉”等方面具有积极的调控作用。山体利用是山地民居既具有“地域基因”又具有“绿色基因”的空间营建模式。

Based on both qualitative(pattern analysis)and quantitative(thermal environment analysis)research methods,this paper focuses on the mountain utilization pattern and its thermal environment characteristics of vernacular dwellings in Chongqing and takes Sandaoguai vernacular dwellings as typical study cases and measured samples.Three typical mountain utilization patterns are summarized and analyzed,including using mountain as partial envelopes,forming stilted and semi-basement space,forming well space.Accordingly,the paper carried out seasonal field measurements and comparative analysis of thermal environments in different mountain utilization patterns.The results indicate that the vernacular dwellings in Chongqing make good use of the relatively stable thermal performance of the mountain and the ground surface,which makes the mountain utilization patterns have multi-functions on environmental regulation,especially in passive cooling during hot summer,promoting vertical ventilation and keeping a“warm in winter and cool in summer”indoor thermal environment.The utilization of mountain presents unique spatial patterns in mountainous vernacular dwellings with both“regional gene“and“green gene”.