公众环保诉求的溢出效应——基于省际环境规制互动的视角

The Spillover Effect of Public Environmental Protection Demands:Based on the Perspective of Inter-provincial Environmental Regulation Interaction

随着"服务型政府"改革的推进,公众诉求在政府政策制定中的作用越来越突出。聚焦于区域间公众环保诉求对政府环境规制政策的影响,本文使用空间杜宾面板数据模型并结合直接效应与间接效应分析,实证检验了中国省际间公众环保诉求对地方政府不同类型环境规制的空间效应。本文发现:第一,公众环保诉求对环境规制监管、收益均具有显著的正向影响,但对环境规制支出的影响有限;第二,公众环保诉求有着十分强烈的正向溢出效应,即邻近地区的公众环保诉求也能够显著地警醒本地政府加大环境规制力度,表明了公众环保诉求对政府环境规制的作用机制不仅局限于本地行政范围之内,更能发挥出一种全国性的影响;第三,地方政府在环境规制上存在互相模仿的行为,即本地政府在制定与执行环境规制政策时会参考与模仿邻近地区的类似政策。据此,本文建议,要进一步完善地方政府的环保考核机制,充分发挥公众环保诉求的重要作用;要严格对地方政府的环境规制要求,通过树立标杆城市、模范城市的作用,发挥区域间环境规制模仿行为的积极作用。

With the advancement of " service-oriented government" reform,the role of public demands in government policy formulation has become increasingly prominent. Focusing on the impact of inter-regional public environmental protection demands on government environmental regulation policies,this paper uses the spatial Durbin panel data model and combines direct and indirect effect analysis to empirically test the spatial effect of China’s inter-provincial public environmental protection demands on different types of local government environmental regulations. First,we find that public environmental protection demands have a significant positive impact on environmental regulatory supervision and revenue, but have a limited impact on environmental regulatory expenditure. Second,public environmental protection demands have a very strong positive spillover effect,that is,public environmental protection demands from neighboring areas can also significantly alert the local government to increase environmental regulation,which shows that the mechanism of public environmental protection demand to the government’s environmental regulation is not limited to the local administrative scope,but exerts a national impact. Third,local governments have imitated each other in environmental regulations, which means local governments will refer to and imitate similar policies in neighboring areas when formulating and implementing environmental regulatory policies. Based on these,we suggest that the local government’s environmental assessment mechanism should be further improved to give full play to the important role of the public’s environmental protection demands. It is also necessary to strictly enforce the environmental regulation requirements of local governments,and establish the role of model cities to give play to the positive role of inter-regional environmental regulation imitation.