企业劳动生产率差异分解:技术选择效应与技术吸收效应

Disparity Decomposition of Enterprise Labor Productivity:Technological Selection Effect and Technological Adoption Effect

经济高质量发展的特征之一是生产要素生产率尤其是劳动生产率的提高,而技术进步是提高劳动生产率的关键,但目前技术进步作用于劳动生产率的机制仍不明确。本文从企业层面对我国工业企业劳动生产率差异进行分解,在一个将行业的可选技术种类内生化的生产函数中将企业劳动生产率差异分解成技术选择效应和技术吸收效应,利用BIC信息准则和EM算法确定行业可选技术种类后,使用混合模型估算技术选择效应和技术吸收效应的大小。研究结果表明,相对于技术吸收效应,技术选择效应是影响我国工业企业劳动生产率的更重要因素;而且研发投入越低的企业,技术选择效应的相对作用越大。本文研究为解释我国工业企业劳动生产率差异、提高我国工业企业劳动生产率提供了新的理论依据。

The improvement of labor productivity is one of the key features of high-quality economic development,and technological progress is the critical factor to raise labor productivity. However, the mechanism of technology affecting labor productivity is still obscure in existing literature. This paper decomposes the labor productivity into technological selection effect and technological adoption effect based on an industrial production function with endogenous selectable technology quantity. Using Bayesian Information Criterion and Expectation Maximization algorithm, this paper estimates the optimal industrial selectable technology quantity,based on which the technological selection effect and technological adoption effect are estimated with mixture model. The empirical research reveals that compared with technological adoption effect,technological selection effect is the more important influence factor on China’s industrial enterprises labor productivity. The relative importance of technological selection effect is more outstanding in enterprises with lower R&D input. This paper provides new theoretical interpretations for the labor productivity disparities and improving the labor productivity of China’s industrial enterprises.