沈括《梦溪笔谈》对本草专书的纠误

Mistakes Correction to the Previous Herbalism Books in Meng Xi Bi Tan by Shen Kuo

北宋沈括《梦溪笔谈》是"中国科学史的里程碑",其中对本草学的论述具有重要研究价值。《梦溪笔谈》有《药议》篇,对本草专书的纠误有16则,涉及纠正药名重出之误、药物异名之误、药性之误、药物形状之误、合药原则之误、采摘时月及用法之误。通过分析沈括纠正本草专书的6个方面,探讨其药议纠误的经验及不足,以客观认知和评价其本草学价值。

Meng Xi Bi Tan(《梦溪笔谈》Dream Creek Essays),written by Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty,is a milestone in the history of science of China,among which the content of herbalism has significant research value.An article in Dream Creek Essays,Yao Yi(《药议》Discussion on Medicinal Herbs),corrects 16 mistakes in the previous books on herbalism,including the reappearance of the same herb,the mistake of their synonym,and the inaccurate records of herb property,shape,picking time,usage,and principles of herbs combination.By analyzing these aspects of Shen Kuo’s corrections to the previous books on herbalism,this paper discusses his successful experience and the limitations,providing an objective evaluation on the value of Dream Creek Essays in herbalism.