家庭教育支出是否有利于农户未来减贫?——基于贫困脆弱性的实证分析

Is Family Education Expenditure Beneficial to the Reduction of Future Poverty for Farmers?Empirical Analysis Based on Vulnerability of Poverty

采用2018年CFPS微观数据和OLS模型实证分析家庭教育支出对农户贫困脆弱性的影响效应与影响机制,并且采用工具变量回归模型进行了稳健性检验。研究结果表明:家庭教育支出能显著降低农户贫困脆弱性,但对于不同类型农户家庭贫困脆弱性的影响存在异质性。相对于子女为义务教育阶段学龄成员的家庭,子女为高中/中专/技校/职高及其以上学习阶段的家庭,其教育支出降低贫困脆弱性的作用更为明显。家庭教育支出对农户贫困脆弱性的影响存在区域差异。从支出规模来看,中、西部地区农户家庭教育支出降低贫困脆弱性的效果显著,而东部地区不显著。从支出结构来看,西部地区家庭校内教育支出和校外教育支出都有利于显著降低贫困脆弱性,中部地区降低贫困脆弱性的效应主要来自校内教育支出。机制分析发现,人力资本积累、家庭成员自我效能感提升、劳动力就业转移都是农户家庭教育支出影响贫困脆弱性的重要渠道。

Using the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data and OLS model,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of family education expenditure on the vulnerability to poverty in rural households,as well as the impact mechanism.In addition,the robustness test is carried out byemploying the instrumental variable method.The research indicate that:family education expenditure can significantly reduce the vulnerability to poverty in rural China,but the impacts are heterogeneous in different types of households.Compared with families whose children are engaged in compulsory education,the impact of increasing education expenditure on reducing vulnerability to poverty are more significantly in those families with children who are committed to educations above compulsory education.Regional differences are also obvious.In terms of degree,the effect of family education expenditure on reducing vulnerability to poverty is significant in the central and western regions,but not in the eastern regions.In terms of structure,both the increase in internal and the increase in out of school education expenditure will be conducive to significantly reducing vulnerability to poverty in western regions,while the reducing effect on vulnerability to poverty in central regions are mainly benefit from the expenditure of internal school education.Moreover,the results of mechanism analysis demonstrate that the increase of human capital accumulation,the improvement of family members’self-efficacy,and the transfer of labor force employment played an important role in the mechanism of family education expenditure’s impact on reducing vulnerability to poverty.