黄河流域资源型城市转型效率及其影响因素

Transformation efficiency of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin and its influencing factors

资源型城市是黄河流域分布较广和问题较突出的一类城市,提高城市效率、促进资源型城市转型是实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要途径。论文利用DEA模型评价了2007—2017年黄河流域41个资源型城市的转型效率,通过固定效应模型对资源型城市转型效率的影响因素及其差异性进行了面板回归分析。结果表明:①黄河流域资源型城市转型效率并不理想,2017年综合效率最优的城市只有39.02%,2015年以来城市间转型效率的差距有所扩大;②规模效率是决定综合效率的主要因素,但规模效率最优的城市数量先增后减,规模报酬递减趋势愈发明显,说明部分城市的转型效率存在投入冗余现象;③总体看,人均GDP、政府财政收入占GDP的比重、普通高等学校在校学生数对资源型城市转型效率的影响显著为正,第三产业比重的影响显著为负;分类型看,外商投资工业企业占比对煤炭型城市转型效率的影响显著为正,采矿业从业人员占比对成熟型资源型城市转型效率的影响显著为正,不同城市间转型效率的影响因素存在差异性。

Resource-based cities are widely distributed in the Yellow River Basin and face prominent problems.Improving urban efficiency and promoting the transformation of resource-based cities are an important way to achieve ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. This study used the data envelopment analysis(DEA) model to evaluate the transformation efficiency of 41 resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017. It further carried out a panel regression analysis on the factors that influence the transformation efficiency of resource-based cities through the fixed effect model. The results show that: 1) Transformation efficiency of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin is not ideal. The number of cities with the best comprehensive efficiency reached 39.02% of all cities in 2017, but the gap in transformation efficiency has widened since 2015. 2) Scale efficiency is the main determining factor of comprehensive efficiency. The number of cities with the best scale efficiency increased first and then decreased, and the feature of decreasing returns to scale became increasingly more obvious, which indicates that there was a input redundancy in the transformation efficiency of some cities. 3) On the whole, per capita GDP, the proportion of government financial revenue in GDP, and the number of students in ordinary higher education institutions have a significant positive effect on the transformation efficiency of resource-based cities, while the proportion of the tertiary industry has a significant negative effect. With regard to different types of resource-based cities, the proportion of foreign-invested industrial enterprises has a significant positive effect on the transformation efficiency of coal-based cities, and the proportion of mining employees has a significant positive effect on the transformation efficiency of mature resource-based cities. The factors influencing the transformation efficiency of different cities are different.