家庭生命周期对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响

Influence of family life cycle on farming households’willingness to exit rural residential land

家庭生命周期是影响农户行为和决策的重要因素,从家庭生命周期视角研究农户宅基地退出意愿的影响因素,有助于识别农户的不同政策需求和阶段演变规律。本文阐释了家庭生命周期对农户宅基地退出意愿的综合影响和具体影响机理,并运用四川省典型地区的农户调研数据进行实证分析。结果表明:①家庭生命周期对宅基地退出意愿的具体影响主要体现在住宅需求、劳动分工和供养负担3个方面;②家庭生命周期的复合影响在于,处于家庭生命周期不同阶段的农户宅基地退出意愿存在显著差异,随家庭生命周期演变呈"N型"(即低—高—低—高)变化趋势;③不同家庭生命周期类型农户宅基地退出意愿的关键影响因素存在差异,其中成长核心家庭更关注子女教育和家庭资本积累,成熟核心家庭更倾向于城镇迁移,扩大家庭Ⅰ更在意供养能力提升。因此,政府应当在普适性政策下采取差异化措施以回应农户不同家庭特征和不同家庭生命周期阶段的政策需求。

Family life cycle is an important factor that influences farming households’behaviors and decisions.Examining the influencing factors of the willingness of farming households to exit from their rural residential land from the perspective of family life cycle is helpful to identify farming households’different policy needs and pattern of change at different stages.This study analyzed the comprehensive impact and specific impact mechanisms of family life cycle on the willingness of farming households to withdraw from their homesteads,and conducted an empirical analysis using the survey data of farming households in typical areas of Sichuan Province.The result shows that the specific impact of family life cycle on the willingness to withdraw from a homestead is mainly reflected in three aspects:housing demand,division of labor,and support burden.There is a significant difference in farming households’willingness to exit from rural residential land at different family life cycle stages,which appears in a N-shaped trend through the life cycle(low-high-low-high).In addition,there are differences in the key factors impacting the willingness to exit in different life cycle stages.Growing nuclear families are more concerned about children’s education and the accumulation of family capital;mature nuclear families are more inclined to migrating to an urban area,and extended families with young grandchildren are more concerned about the improvement of the ability to support the family.Therefore,under a consistent policy the government should adopt differentiated measures to respond to different farming households’characteristics and their policy needs at different stages of the family life cycle.