论欧洲甜菜糖业与东亚糖业经济发展(1747~1937年)

European Beet Sugar Industry and East Asian Sugar Economy Development(1747-1937)

1747年,德国化学家马葛富发现甜菜根含有5%~7%的糖分,此为欧洲甜菜糖业的肇始。1830年,制糖甜菜育种成功,其根含糖分20%左右,欧洲甜菜糖业迅速崛起。1914年,甜菜糖品产量已达世界糖品产量的44.5%,抢占了传统甘蔗糖品近一半的市场份额。不可否认,二者之间不可避免地存在激烈的市场竞争,比如,德国甜菜糖品进入日本、印度、澳大利亚等远东市场,与英属香港精制糖品展开激烈竞争等;但是,“甘菜二糖”并非“相生相害”,反而在一定程度上形成了竞争性发展局面。爪哇糖品的欧洲市场份额被甜菜糖品所侵占后,进而转向东亚市场,推动了东亚(英属香港、日本)机器制糖业的崛起;东亚(日本北海道、日殖朝鲜半岛、中国东北)甜菜糖业快速发展起来,形成了“甘菜二糖”二元糖业格局。

In 1747,Margraff,a celebrated Prussian chemist in Germany found that Beet sugar contained 5%-7%natural sugar,which initiated European beet sugar industry.Seeds of beet sugar were successfully cultivated in 1830,with 20%natural sugar in roots The beet sugar accounted for almost 44.5%of the total output of global sugar production and swallowed a half market shares of cane sugar in 1914.It cannot be denied that fierce competition occurred between beet sugar and cane sugar industry.However,the competition led to a competitive development rather than a mutual harm.Java sugar retreated from European Market and entered into Asian market,and promoted the development of Japanese and Hong Kong refined sugar industry.Meanwhile,Beet sugar industry of East Asia grew vigorously and made a new prospect of beet–cane sugar dualistic structure.