从政府选择到社会选择——中国基金会发展动力机制研究

From Governmental Selection to Social Selection:A Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of Foundation Development in China

从2011年前后基金会的问责开始引起广泛关注至今,基金会的发展如何由政府选择转向社会选择一直是公益慈善领域的重要议题。本文构建了一个社会选择机制的分析模型,采用案例比较研究方法,描述了TY、FJ、YG三个基金会的成长历程,剖析了由政府选择向社会选择转型中所采取的策略、所获得的成绩,以及存在的问题。研究表明:社会选择机制已经产生并开始对部分基金会发挥主导作用;社会选择是追求效率的自然结果,对基金会发展的正向作用明显;社会选择是个渐进的过程,政府选择仍是重要的力量;基金会呈现丰富的转型与发展特征。最后从基金会发展战略及法律政策的视角提出完善基金会发展动力机制的建议。

In China,the public paid close attention to the accountability of philanthropic organizations since 2011,whether the development of philanthropic organizations should be chosen by the public or the government has became an important issue of policy,research,and events area.This article builds a theory model of social selection mechanism from the angle of social selection with more efficiency.Through comparative case studies,the research delves into development history of TY foundation,FP foundation and YG foundation and their strategies,problems during the transformation stage from government selection to social selection.Based on three cases,this article obtains five conclusions:1.the social selection mechanism has been generated and begins to exert its dominant position to some foundations;2.social selection is a natural result of pursuing efficiency;3.social selection has positive and obvious effect on foundations;4.social selection is a gradual process,in which the governmental selection is still the important power;5.foundations show varies transformation and development features.In the end,this article puts forward some suggestions to improve the dynamic mechanism of the development of the foundation from the perspective of the development strategy of the foundation and legal policy.