社区老年人基本心理需要满足、自我决定动机与体育锻炼行为的关系

Analysis of relationship among satisfaction of basic psychological need,self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior of the elderly in community

[目的]探讨社区老年人基本心理需要满足、自我决定动机与体育锻炼行为的关系。[方法]采用整群抽样法选取某市社区老年人460人,采用基本心理需要满足量表、锻炼行为调节量表-3、体育活动等级量表分别测量老年人的基本心理需要满足、自我决定动机和体育锻炼行为,探讨三者的相关性。[结果]460名老年人基本心理需要满足得分为(111.361±17.457)分,自我决定动机得分为(42.526±32.030)分,锻炼量得分为(17.307±15.356)分;56.7%的老年人处于小运动量水平;基本心理需要满足、自我决定动机、体育锻炼行为两两存在正相关关系;基本心理需要满足以自我决定动机为中介变量影响老年人体育锻炼行为,通径系数为0.376 2。[结论]基本心理需要满足对老年人自我决定动机和体育锻炼行为有显著的促进作用,且自我决定动机在基本心理需要促进老年人体育锻炼行为中起完全中介作用。

Objective:To explore the relationship among the satisfaction of basic psychological needs,self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior of the elderly in the community.Methods:Cluster sampling was used to select 460 old people in a certain city community.Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale,Exercise Behavior Regulation Scale-3 and Physical Activity Rating Scale were used to measure the satisfaction of basic psychological needs,self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior of the elderly,respectively.And the correlation among the three factors was explored.Results:The scores of satisfaction of basic psychological needs of460 old people was 111.361±17.457,self-determination motivation was 42.526±32.030,and exercise amount was 17.307±15.356.56.7%of the elderly were at the level of little physical activity.There were positive correlations among the satisfaction of basic psychological needs,self-determination motivation and physical exercise behavior.The self-determining motivation was the mediating variable influencing the physical exercise behavior of the elderly.The path coefficient was 0.3762.Conclusions:The satisfaction of basic psychological needs had a significant promoting effect on the self-determination motivation and physical exercise behaviors of the elderly.And the self-determination motivation played a completely mediating role in the basic psychological needs to promote physical exercise behavior of the elderly.