妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇饮食行为量表的编制及信效度检验

Establishment and reliability and validity test of diet behavior scale for pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

[目的]编制妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)高危孕妇的饮食行为量表,以早期发现妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇中存在饮食行为问题的孕妇并进行饮食干预。[方法]通过半结构式访谈及查阅国内外的文献形成条目池;进行3轮德尔菲专家咨询和预调查,形成包含17个条目的初始量表;调查江苏省苏州市2家医院共232例妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇,对初始量表的信度和效度进行检验,形成正式量表。[结果]探索性因子分析得到包含各类别食物摄取频率、优选低血糖生成指数食物、饮食总量及主食控制3个维度、16个条目的妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇饮食行为量表,累计解释变异率为50.380%,内容效度为0.972,Cronbach'sα系数为0.802,折半系数为0.829,重测信度系数为0.849。[结论]构建的妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇饮食行为量表具有良好的信效度,可用于评估妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇的饮食行为。

Objective:To develop the dietary behavior scale for pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),so as to detect the early occurrence of dietary behavior problems in pregnant women at high risk of GDM and give them some dietary interventions.Methods:The entry pool was formed through semi-structured interviews and literature review at home and abroad,and an initial scale with 17 items was formed after 3 rounds of Delphi expert consultations and pre-survey.A total of 232 pregnant women with high risk of GDM,who were from two hospitals in Suzhou city Jiangsu province,were investigated,and the reliability and validity of the initial scale were tested to form a formal scale.Results:Through exploratory factor analysis,the dietary behavior scale for pregnant women at high risk of GDM was formed,including three factors and 16 items.Three factors were frequency of food intake of all kinds,selection of low GI food,total diet and control of staple food.They could explain 50.380%of the total variance,the content validity index was 0.972,the Cronbach’sαcoefficient was 0.802,the split-half coefficient was 0.829,and the test-retest reliability was 0.849.Conclusions:The constructed scale had good reliability and validity,and it is suitable for assessing the diet behavior for pregnant women with high risk of GDM.