对历史人类学理论发展的几点思考——历史的存在、书写以及反思历史人类学

Some Thoughts on Theoretical Development of Historical Anthropology—Historical Existence,Writing and Reflection on Historical Anthropology

历史人类学这一分支理论学科一直存在有历史学的人类学化与人类学的历史化两种基本路径,一种以历史学为本位的研究,一种则是在人类学学科发展体系中以人类学为本位的研究。1980年代萨林斯提出了对于历史的本体论质疑,标志着人类学体系中的历史人类学的形成,即历史人类学的发展基础是一种对于历史本体的讨论,认为历史是由文化界定的——这是一种更多关注历史事件背后的结构和历史文本背后的书写方式的分支学科。

Historical anthropology,a branch of theoretical discipline,has always had two basic paths:anthropologicalization of history and historicalization of anthropology.One is based on history and the other is based on anthropology in the development system of anthropology.In 1980s Sarin,puts forward the historical ontology question which marks the formation of historical anthropology in the system of anthropology,namely the development of historical anthropology is based on a discussion of the historical ontology,and considers history is defined by culture.This is a kind of branch paying more attention to the structure behind the historical events and writing styles behind historical text.