监狱服刑人员感染新冠病毒的国家赔偿问题——基于22份裁判文书的考察

State Compensation for Prisoners Infected with COVID-19——Investigation Based on 22 Judicial Documents

监狱服刑人员受到病毒感染,是否属于国家赔偿法定范围,能否依据《国家赔偿法》申请相应赔偿,具有理论与实务研究价值。通过对22份裁判文书的整理爬梳,可以发现,从法律规定和司法实践来看,监狱服刑人员感染新型冠状病毒应当属于国家赔偿范围,但监狱应否承担赔偿责任,则需进行类型化分析。对于狱内疫情的发生,若监狱怠于履行监管职责和救治义务的,应当承担相应的赔偿责任;若监狱无侵权行为、无过错责任或者其职权行为与损害结果无因果关系的,不承担赔偿责任。在具体案件中,监狱应当承担更加严格的举证责任。

It is of theoretical and practical research value whether the virus infection of prisoners belongs to the legal scope of state compensation and whether to apply for corresponding compensation according to the State Compensation law.Through sorting out 22 judgment documents,it can be found that from the perspective of legal provisions and judicial practice,COVID-19 infection of prisoners should fall within the scope of state compensation,but whether the prison should undertake the responsibility of compensation requires a typed analysis.If the prison is negligent in fulfilling its responsibility of supervision and treatment,it shall bear the corresponding liability for compensation.If the prison has no tort,no fault liability,or if there is no causal relationship between its authority and the damage result,it shall not be liable for compensation.In specific cases,the prison should bear stricter burden of proof.