积极心理团体辅导对大学新生心理健康影响的效果研究

A Study on the Effect of Group Counseling Based on Positive Psychology on Freshman Students’Mental Health

目的:研究将积极心理学理论与团体辅导实践相结合,通过对积极心理取向的团体辅导的研究,探讨积极心理团体辅导对提高大学新生心理健康水平的作用,从而丰富高校心理健康教育实践。方法:以北京林业大学人文学院2018级学生为研究对象,采取3(实验组、开会模拟对照组和空白对照组)×3(干预前、干预后、干预结束两个月后)多因素实验设计。每组33人,对实验组和开会模拟对照组分别进行八次积极心理团体辅导和开会模拟干预,对空白对照组不做任何干预。在实验干预前、干预后以及干预结束两个月后分别对三个组使用生活满意度量表和总体幸福感量表进行测验。所有数据采用SPSS 20.0进行统计分析,以检验团体辅导效果。结果:三组被试实验后生活满意度(F=8.97,p<0.001)和总体幸福感(F=9.43,p<0.001)差异具有统计学意义。且在实验结束两个月后的随访中发现,三组被试经过实验生活满意度(F=10.38,p<0.001)和总体幸福感(F=9.46,p<0.001)水平差异具有统计学意义。结论:学生工作者在对新生进行心理辅导时要注意方式,从长期效果考虑,经过设计的积极心理团体辅导是更好的选择。

Objective:With the empirical study method,the paper combined the theory of positive psychology and the practice of group counseling,and studied the effect of group counseling based on positive psychology to freshman students’mental health,which will enrich the theory and practice of university mental education.Methods:In this study,students in the class of 2018 of the School of Humanities of Beijing Forestry University were taken as the research subjects,and a 3(an experimental group,a meeting simulation control group,and a no-treatment control group)×3(pre-intervention,post-intervention,and two months after intervention)multi-factor experimental design was adopted.Each of the 3 groups comprised 33 subjects,in which the experimental group and the simulated control group were given positive psychological group counseling and meeting intervention 8 times respectively,while the blank control group was not intervened.Life satisfaction scale and general well-being scale were used to test before,immediate after,and 2 months after interventions.All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 so as to test the effect of group counseling.Results:There were significant differences in life satisfaction(F=8.97,p<0.001)and general well-being(F=9.43,p<0.001)among the 3 groups after intervention.Furthermore,in the follow-up 2 months after the experimental intervention,it was found that there were significant differences in life satisfaction(F=10.38,p<0.001)and general well-being(F=9.46,p<0.001)among the three groups.Conclusions:The student workers should pay attention to the ways and methods when they give psychological guidance to the freshmen.Considering the long-term effect,the designed positive psychological group counseling is a better choice.