乾隆朝文人戏曲家创作心态探析

Analysis on Creative Mentality of Literati Dramatist in Qianlong Reign of Qing Dynasty

乾隆朝有162位以上文人戏曲家,其中百分之七十八以上进入科举序列,有百分之四十六以上进入官场序列,他们的戏曲作品有着很强的身份体认特征。他们以曲为史,崇尚征实,剧作在一定程度上打破了"传奇无实,大半皆寓言"的观念。他们以文为曲,重视"传奇传记之遗"的理念,不少剧作家还自入剧中记事抒情,一定程度上打破了戏曲"代言"的观念。以曲为史、以文为曲、以才学为曲、重雅轻俗的创作风尚,使得文人戏曲与大众娱乐渐行渐远。

It existed more than 162 literati dramatists with a strong identity-recognition trait,among which beyond 78 per⁃cent entered the imperial examination sequence,and over 46 percent entered the bureaucratic rank in Qianlong Reign of Qing Dynasty.By breaking the concept of“legend is not true,most of them are fables”and“first-person narrator”,the literati dramatists developed a creative style which takes drama as history,literature with knowledge as drama,and pays at⁃tention to elegance rather than vulgarity.They attached the concept of“the legacy of legendary biographies”,truthfulness and lyric to playwrights,thereforethe literati drama and public entertainment drifted apart gradually.