二糖磷酸化酶及其在体外合成生物学中的应用

Disaccharide phosphorylase and its application in in vitro synthetic biology

二糖磷酸化酶是以二糖为底物,催化磷酸向糖基转移,生成糖1-磷酸的一类酶。根据催化反应的立体化学过程可以分为保留型和翻转型,即供体底物二糖的异头构型可以在糖1-磷酸产物中保留或翻转。目前已发现的超过10种的二糖磷酸化酶均分布在糖苷水解酶和糖苷转移酶家族中。根据二糖磷酸化酶的功能设计体外生物合成体系,不仅可以用于制备高价值化学品,例如直链淀粉、肌醇、昆布二糖等,还可生产一些大宗产品,例如在氢能和酶燃料电池开发等方面已取得了进展。随着蛋白质工程的不断发展,对二糖磷酸化酶的研究越来越深入,相信未来二糖磷酸化酶将在体外生物合成平台扮演更重要的角色。

Disaccharide phosphorylases are a type of enzymes that utilize disaccharides as the substrate and catalyze the transfer of phosphate group to glycosyl to produce glucose 1-phosphates.According to the stereochemical course of the reaction catalyzed,disaccharide phosphorylases may be divided into retaining and inverting phosphorylases,according to the anomeric configuration of the donor disaccharides is retained or inverted in the resultant glucose 1-phosphate.At present,more than 10 disaccharide phosphorylases are discovered and distributed in the glycoside hydrolase and glycosyltransferase families.In vitro biosynthesis system designed based on the function of disaccharide phosphorylase can be used not only for the manufacturing of high-value chemicals,such as amylose,myo-inositol,and laminaribiose,but also for the production of bulk products,such as hydrogen energy and enzymatic fuel cells.With the development of protein engineering,disaccharide phosphorylase will play a significant role in in vitro biosynthesis.