豆蔻属Amomum药用植物资源的初步研究

Preliminary Research on the Medicinal Resources of Amomum

目的为豆蔻属药用资源的利用和保护奠定基础。方法野外调查和文献整理。结果豆蔻属Amomum是姜科的第二大属,我国有记载的豆蔻属药用植物共20种和变种,其中,砂仁、豆蔻、草果是被《中国药典》收载的3味主流药材,其他均为民间或民族用药。砂仁、豆蔻、草果均属于芳香化湿药,砂仁的应用最广泛,用于51个药典方剂,其次是豆蔻,用于21个药典方剂,草果用于5个药典方剂。结论结合豆蔻属分子系统学研究结果和传统中药材知识,易于鉴别砂仁、豆蔻、草果3味药材,以及砂仁、草果及其混淆品的鉴别。豆蔻属药用植物的分布较为狭窄,对其资源的保护和开发利用值得重视。

Objective To utilize and protect preferably the pharmaceutical resource from Amomum Roxb..Methods Field investigation and arrangement of literatures.Results Amomum Roxb.was the second largest genus in the ginger family(Zingiberaecae),there were a total of 20 species and varieties of medicinal plants recorded in China,and among them,A.kravanh,A.villousm,A.tsaoko were recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia as the three mainstream medicinal materials,the rest were used in folk or ethnic recipes.The three mainstream medicinal materials all belonged to aromatic damp-resolving drug,the most widely used material was A.villousm,the second was A.kravanh,and the third was A.tsaoko,which were recorded in 51,21,5 prescriptions of pharmacopoeia,respectively.Conclusion Combined with the research result of molecular systematics of the genus and knowledge of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,it would be easy to identify the characteristics of the medicinal materials from the genus,and to distinguish their confused materials from other species.The pharmaceutical resource from the genus was limited because of their relatively narrow distribution,therefore the protection,the development and utilization of its resources would be worthy of attention.