社交媒体的政治伦理边界

The Political Ethical Boundaries of Social Media

兼具政治性与伦理性的社交媒体所建构的政治空间和政治传播生态复杂多变致使社交空间存在政治伦理风险。基于媒体与政治的交互关系,社交媒体政治空间存在政治伦理边界建构的必然性,它不仅影响社会政治认知与行为,还在赋予公众政治想象的同时反噬政治发展。社交媒体具有正负双向政治效能,即培养政治共识同时也撕裂价值认同、促进参与民主同时也削弱民主潜力、实现舆论监督同时也干扰政治秩序、促进协商民主同时也压制异见表达、公共空间与公共领域并存,其负面政治效能的存在需要政治伦理的引导与规范。技术自生逻辑、关联性逻辑与现实性逻辑构成了社交媒体政治伦理风险的生成基质。由此,社交媒体的政治伦理风险表现为政治伦理价值失衡风险、政治伦理规范失控风险与政治伦理行为异化风险三种样态。从社交媒体政治空间的构成主体出发,建构以行政伦理、平台伦理和公众伦理为内在维度的责任伦理维护网络社交空间秩序,具有重要的现实意义。

The political space and political communication ecology constructed by both political and ethical social media are complex and changeable,which leads to the existence of political ethical risks in the social space.Based on the interaction between media and politics,it is inevitable to construct political and ethical boundaries in the political space of social media.It not only affects social and political cognition and behavior,but also affects political development while endowing the public with political imagination.Social media has positive and negative two-way political effectiveness,that is,cultivating political consensus also destroying the value identity,promoting participation in democracy while weakening democratic potential,realizing supervision by public opinion while interfering with political order,promoting deliberative democracy while suppressing dissent expression,and coexisting in both public space and public domain.Technology autogenous logic,relevance of logic and reality logic constitute the generating matrix of social media political ethical risks.Thus,the ethical risks of social media are manifested in three forms:the risk of unbalanced political ethical values,the risk of losing control of political ethical norms and the risk of alienation of political ethical behaviors.Starting from the main body of the political space of social media,it is of great practical significance to mould the responsibility ethics with administrative ethics,platform ethics and public ethics as the internal dimensions to maintain the order of social space on the Internet.