嵌入式治理:国家政权建设与村落自主性关系模式的再审视

Embedded Governance:Reconsidering the Relationship Model between State Power Construction and Village Autonomy

在村级治理行政化的背景下,如何达到国家治理目标与村落自主性之间的平衡是乡村治理的重要议题。案例分析表明,国家权力通过制度供给、政策执行等方式嵌入乡村社会以实现国家治理目标的同时,也面临着村落社会内部自组织力量的反嵌,从而形成了乡村治理场域中特有的嵌入式治理模式,由制度情境和关系情境所建构的情境再造是该治理模式的运作逻辑所在。在制度情境中,基层政权在村落社会结构的作用下选择以规则融通的方式变通性地执行上级政策以推进国家治理目标的实现;在关系情境中,村落社会内部的小集团基于社区记忆和共同利益激活和强化村庄社会关联,增强了群体的一致行动能力,并通过对国家权力的反嵌实现了自身利益的最大化。通过国家制度规则在乡土社会的地方性执行和村落社会自组织的积极应对,嵌入式治理为构建国家权力与乡村社会的良性互动、实现乡村善治提供了可供借鉴的实践模式。

Under the background of village governance administration,how to strike a balance between state power construction and village autonomy is an important topic in rural governance.Case studies show,while state power is embedded in rural society through system supply and policy execution to achieve the goal of national governance,it also faces the anti-embedding of self-organizing forces within the village society,thus forming a unique embedded governance model in the rural governance field.Situational reengineering constructed by institutional situation and relationship situation is the operating logic of the governance model.In the system situation,the grass-roots political power chooses to carry out the superior policy flexibly by the way of rule fusion to promote the realization of national governance goal under the action of the village society internal structure.In the relationship situation,the small group within the village society activates and strengthens the village social connection based on the community memory and the common interest,enhances the group’s consistent action ability and realizes the maximization of its own interests through the anti-embedding of the state power.Through the local implementation of the national system rules in the local society and the positive response of the village society self-organization,the embedded governance provides a practical model for constructing the benign interaction between the state power and the rural society and realizing the good governance in the countryside.