中国民间叙事中的美女蛇形象演变研究

A Study on the Image Evolution of the Beauty Snake in Chinese Folk Narrative

在中国民间叙事中,美女蛇形象的演变经历了三个阶段:其一,大母美女蛇阶段,主要对应于原始社会至两汉时期,表现了始祖母崇拜与生育崇拜的内容,美女蛇具有崇高神圣的地位;其二,精怪美女蛇阶段,主要对应于魏晋南北朝及唐宋时期,反映了人们红颜祸水的观念及其对待情欲复杂矛盾的心态,美女蛇地位一落千丈;其三,仙人美女蛇阶段,应对于明清及其以降,反映了人们对情欲美色的认同,美女蛇成为人们喜爱向往的对象。美女蛇形象积淀了丰富深厚的文化内涵和民族的集体意识与集体无意识,并将以其永恒的魅力而永世传承,且随着时代的发展而不断更新。

In Chinese folk narratives,the evolution of the image of beauty snakes has gone through three stages:firstly,the stage of the big mother beauty snake,which mainly corresponds to the period from primitive society to Han Dynasty,shows the content of the worship of ancestors and fertility,and the beauty snake has a lofty and sacred status;secondly,the stage of the spirit beauty snake,which mainly corresponds to the period from Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties,reflects people’s concept of beauty as misfortune and their complex and contradictory attitude toward erotic desires,and the status of beauty snakes has plummeted;thirdly,the stage of fairy beauty snake stage,which corresponds to the peroid from Ming and Qing Dynasties and onwards,reflects people’s recognition of lust and beauty and the beauty snake has become people’s favorite object.Having gone through thousands of years of evolution,the image of beauty snake has accumulated rich and profound cultural connotations and the collective consciousness and collective unconsciousness of the nation.It will be passed on forever with its eternal charm and will be continuously updated with the development of times.